Global Mapper User's Manual

Download Offline Copy

If you would like to have access to the Global Mapper manual while working offline, click here to download the manual web pages to your local hard drive. To use the manual offline, unzip the downloaded file, then double-click on the Help_Main.html file from Windows Explorer to start using the manual. If you would like context-sensitive help from Global Mapper to use the help files that you have downloaded rather than the online user's manual, create a Help subdirectory under the directory in which you installed Global Mapper (by default this will be something like C:\Program Files\GlobalMapperXX, where 'Program Files' could also be

'Program Files (x86)' for a 32-bit install on 64-bit Windows and XX is the version, like 13 or 14. If you are running the 64-bit version this could also be GlobalMapperXX_64bit) and unzip the contents of the zip file to that directory.

Open Printable/Searchable Copy (PDF Format) Table of Contents

1. ABOUT THIS MANUAL

a. System Requirements

b. Download and Installation c. Registration

2. TUTORIALS AND REFERENCE GUIDES

♦ Tutorial - Getting Started with Global Mapper and cGPSMapper - Guide to Creating

Garmin-format Maps

♦ Video Tutorials - Supplied by http://globalmapperforum.com

◊ Video Tutorial - Changing the Coordinate System and Exporting Data

◊ Video Tutorial - Viewing 3D Vector Data

◊ Video Tutorial - Creating a Custom 3D Map

◊ Video Tutorial - Downloading Free Maps/Imagery from Online Sources

◊ Video Tutorial - Exporting Current "Zoom Level" Using the Screenshot Function

◊ Video Tutorial - Exporting Elevation Data to a XYZ File

◊ Video Tutorial - Creating Maps and Overlays for Google Earth

◊ Video Tutorial - Georectifying Imagery/PDF Files 101

◊ Video Tutorial - Importing ASCII files into Global Mapper

◊ Video Tutorial - Exporting to Google Maps

◊ Video Tutorial - Creating Range Rings, Importing Title Blocks, and Address

Searching

◊ Video Tutorial Creating Line from Selected Points and Finding Max Slope Along

Path

♦ User-Supplied Tutorials

◊ User-Supplied Tutorial (from EDGAR) - How to Create 3D Shadowed Maps

◊ User-Supplied Tutorial - Garmin Custom Raster Maps with Global Mapper

♦ Reference Guide - Generic ASCII Format

♦ Reference Guide - Generic ASCII Format Field Descriptions

♦ Reference Guide - Shortcut Key Reference

♦ Reference Guide - Supported Datum and Ellipsoid List

♦ Reference Guide - Built-In Area, Line, and Point Types and Styles

3. MENUBAR AND TOOLBAR

a. File Menu

Open Printable/Searchable Copy (PDF Format) 1

• Open Data File(s) Command

• Open Spatial Database Command

• Open Generic ASCII Text File(s) Command

• Open All Files in a Directory Tree

• Open Data File at Fixed Screen Location

• Unload All Command

• Download Online Imagery/Topo/Terrain Maps

• Create New Map Catalog Command

• Rectify (Georeference) Imagery Command

• Load Workspace Command

• Save Workspace Command

• Save Workspace As Command

• Run Script Command

• Capture Screen Contents to Image Command

• Export Command

⋅ Export Global Mapper Package File

⋅ Export PDF File

⋅ Export Elevation Grid Format

⋅ Export Raster/Imagery Format

⋅ Export Vector Format

⋅ Export Web Formats (Google Maps, VE, WW, etc.)

⋅ Export Elevation Spatial Database Command

⋅ Export Raster/Image Spatial Database Command

⋅ Export Vector Spatial Database Command

• Batch Convert/Reproject

• Print Command

• Print Preview Command

• Print Setup Command

• Exit Command

b. Edit Menu

◊ Copy Selected Features to Clipboard

◊ Cut Selected Features to Clipboard

◊ Paste Features from Clipboard

◊ Paste Features from Clipboard (Keep Copy)

◊ Select All Features with Digitizer Tool

c. View Menu

◊ Toolbars

◊ Status Bar

◊ 3D View

◊ Background Color

◊ Center on Location

◊ Properties

◊ Full View

◊ Zoom In

◊ Zoom In Micro

◊ Zoom Out

◊ Zoom Out Micro

◊ Zoom To Scale

◊ Zoom To Selected Features

◊ Zoom To View in Google Earth

◊ Save Current View

◊ Restore Last Saved View

d. Tools Menu

◊ Zoom

◊ Pan (Grab-and-Drag)

◊ Measure

◊ Feature Info

◊ Path Profile/LOS (Line of Sight)

◊ View Shed Analysis

◊ Digitizer/Edit

⋅ Creating New Features

⋅ Editing Existing Features

⋅ Copying Features (Cut/Copy/Paste)

⋅ Snapping to Existing Features When Drawing

⋅ Snapping Vertically/Horizontally When Drawing

⋅ Un-doing Digitization Operations

⋅ Additional Feature Operations

◊ Image Swipe

◊ Coordinate Convertor

◊ Control Center

◊ Configure

◊ Map Layout

e. Terrain Analysis Menu

◊ Combine Terrain Layers

◊ Generate Contours Command

◊ Generate Watershed Command

◊ Find Ridge Lines Command

◊ Measure Volume Between Surfaces Command

f. Search Menu

g. GPS Menu

◊ Start Tracking GPS

◊ Stop Tracking GPS

◊ Keep the Vessel On-Screen

◊ Mark Waypoint

◊ Vessel Color

◊ Vessel Size

◊ Setup...

◊ Information...

◊ Manage GPS Vessels...

◊ View NMEA Data Log...

◊ Clear Tracklog

◊ Record Tracklog

◊ Save Tracklog

◊ Send Raster Maps to Connected Garmin Device

h. Help Menu

◊ Online Help

◊ User's Group

◊ Find Data Online Command

◊ Register Global Mapper

◊ Create S-63 User Permit File

◊ Check for Updates

◊ Automatically Check for Updates at Startup

ABOUT THIS MANUAL

This manual is for Global Mapper v14.0. Earlier versions of the software may not contain all the features documented here. Later versions may contain additional features, or behave differently. To see the version of your software, select [Help/About Global Mapper] from the Menu Bar. The demo version contains some but not all of the features available through a registered version of Global Mapper.

The Global Mapper Web Site found at: http://www.globalmapper.com maintains a list of changes and supported formats, features, links to sample data as well as current information about the Global Mapper software. Please refer to this site to obtain the latest copy of the software.

Earlier versions of the software should be uninstalled [Start/Settings/Control Panel/Add, Remove Programs]

before installing later versions. System Requirements

Global Mapper software is compatible with Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows ME, Windows XP (32 and 64-bit versions), Windows Vista (32 and 64-bit versions), Windows 7 (32 and 64-bit versions), Windows 8 (32 and 64-bit versions) and Windows Server 2003. You may also be able to run Global Mapper on a Macintosh computer using an emulator like VirtualPC, Parallels, or Boot Camp, or on a Linux

OS under WINE. The minimum system requirements are 128 MB of RAM and 60 MB of hard drive space for the installation. Space requirements for the data are typically higher depending upon the size of the dataset.

Download

Step 1: Download the Global Mapper software (latest version) from the Global Mapper website:

http://www.globalmapper.com by following the Download Free Trial link on the main page.

Step 2: Go to the directory in which you saved the viewer in Step 1 and select the global_mapper14_setup.exe icon

Step 3: Double click the icon. Select "YES" to install the program. Allow the installation to progress normally and select any defaults it asked for.

Registration

You can freely download the latest version of Global Mapper by following the instructions above. However, without a valid license, several significant functions will be unavailable. In particular, if you do not obtain a valid license for your copy of Global Mapper you will be subject to the following limitations:

• You will be unable to export data to any format.

• You will be limited to loading a maximum of 4 data files at a time. With the full version, you can load

any number of data files simultaneously.

• You will be unable to view loaded elevation data in 3D.

• You will be unable to load workspaces.

• You will be unable to do line of sight calculations using loaded elevation data.

• You will be unable to perform view shed analysis using loaded elevation data.

• You will be unable to perform cut-and-fill volume calculations using loaded elevation data.

• You will be unable to work with map catalogs.

• You will be unable to download data from WMS, OSM, and TMS map servers.

• You will be unable to save rectified imagery to fully rectified files.

2 MENUBAR AND TOOLBAR

This section briefly reviews the menus and commands in order to understand the basic purpose of each.

The toolbar is displayed across the top of the application window, below the menu bar. The toolbar provides quick mouse access to many tools used in Global Mapper. To hide or display the toolbars or to switch to the old Toolbar display, which some users prefer, use the View menu commands for the toolbar.

Menu Headings

• File Menu

• Edit Menu

• View Menu

• Tools Menu

• Search Menu

• GPS Menu

• Help Menu

File Menu

The File menu offers the following commands:

• Open Data File(s) Command

• Open Spatial Database Command

• Open Generic ASCII Text File(s) Command

• Open All Files in a Directory Tree Command

• Open Data File at Fixed Screen Location

• Unload All Command

• Create New Map Catalog Command

• Find Data Online Command

• Download Online Imagery/Topo/Terrain Maps

• Load Workspace Command

• Save Workspace Command

• Save Workspace As Command

• Run Script Command

• Capture Screen Contents to Image Command

• Export Submenu

♦ Export Global Mapper Package File Command

♦ Export PDF File Command

♦ Export Gridded Elevation Data

◊ Export Arc ASCII Grid Command

◊ Export BIL/BIP/BSQ Command

◊ Export BT (Binary Terrain) Command

◊ Export DEM Command

◊ Export DTED Command

◊ Export DXF 3D Face File Command

◊ Export DXF Mesh Command

◊ Export DXF Point File Command

◊ Export Erdas Imagine Command

◊ Export ERS (ERMapper Grid) Command

◊ Export Float/Grid Command

◊ Export Geosoft Grid Command

◊ Export GeoTIFF Command

◊ Export Global Mapper Grid Command

◊ Export Gravsoft Grid Command

◊ Export HF2/HFZ Command

◊ Export Idrisi Command

◊ Export JPEG2000 Elevation Command

◊ Export Lidar LAS Command

◊ Export Lidar LAZ (Compressed LAS) Command

◊ Export Leveller Heightfield Command

◊ Export Optimi Terrain Command

◊ Export PGM Grayscale Grid Command

◊ Export PLS-CADD XYZ File Command

◊ Export RAW Command

◊ Export RockWorks Grid Command

◊ Export SRTM Command

◊ Export STL Command

◊ Export Surfer Grid (ASCII Format) Command

◊ Export Surfer Grid (Binary v6 Format) Command

◊ Export Surfer Grid (Binary v7 Format) Command

◊ Export Terragen Terrain File Command

◊ Export Vertical Mapper (MapInfo) Grid File Command

◊ Export Vulcan3D Triangulation File Command

◊ Export XYZ Grid Command

◊ Export ZMap Plus Grid File Command

♦ Export Raster/Imagery Format

◊ Export BIL/BIP/BSQ Command

◊ Export BMP Command

◊ Export BSB Marine Chart Command

◊ Export CADRG/CIB/RPF Command

◊ Export ECW Command

◊ Export Erdas Imagine Command

◊ Export GeoTIFF Command

◊ Export Idrisi Command

◊ Export JPG Command

◊ Export JPG2000 Command

◊ Export KML/KMZ Command

◊ Export NITF Command

◊ Export PCX Command

◊ Export PNG Command

◊ Export RAW Command

◊ Export XY Color Command

♦ Export Vector Format

◊ Export AnuDEM Contour Command

◊ Export Arc Ungenerate Command

◊ Export CDF Command

◊ Export CSV Command

◊ Export Delft 3D (LDB) Command

◊ Export DeLorme Text File Command

◊ Export DGN Command

◊ Export DLG-O Command

◊ Export DXF Command

◊ Export DWG Command

◊ Export Esri File Geodatabase Table Command

◊ Export Esri Personal Geodatabase Table Command

◊ Export Garmin TRK (PCX5) File Command

◊ Export Garmin WPT (PCX5) File Command

◊ Export GeoJSON (Javascript Object Notation) Command

◊ Export GOG (Generalized Overlay Graphics) Command

◊ Export GPX Command

◊ Export Hypack Linefile

◊ Export InRoads ASCII Command

◊ Export KML/KMZ Command

◊ Export Landmark Graphics Command

◊ Export Lidar LAS Command

◊ Export Lidar LAZ (Compressed LAS) Command

◊ Export LMN (Spectra Line Management Node) Command

◊ Export Lowrance LCM (MapCreate) File Command

◊ Export Lowrance USR Command

◊ Export MapGen Command

◊ Export MapInfo MIF/MID Command

◊ Export MapInfo TAB/MAP Command

◊ Export MatLab Command

◊ Export Moss Command

◊ Export NIMA ASC Command

◊ Export Orca XML Command

◊ Export OSM (OpenStreetMap.org) XML Command

◊ Export Platte River/WhiteStar/Geographix File Command

◊ Export PLS-CADD XYZ File Command

◊ Export Polish MP (cGPSMapper) File Command

◊ Export SEGP1 Command

◊ Export Shapefile Command

◊ Export Simple ASCII Text File Command

◊ Export Surfer BLN Command

◊ Export SVG Command

◊ Export Tom Tom OV2 File Command

◊ Export Tsunami OVR Command

◊ Export UKOOA P/190 Command

◊ Export WAsP MAP File Command

◊ Export ZMap+ IsoMap Line Text File Command

◊ Export ZMap+ XYSegId File Command

♦ Export Web Formats (Google Maps, VE, WW, etc.)

◊ Export Bing Maps (Virtual Earth) Tiles Command

◊ Export Google Maps Tiles Command

◊ Export KML/KMZ Command

◊ Export OSM (OpenStreetMaps.org) Tiles Command

◊ Export SVG Command

◊ Export TMS (Tile Map Service) Tiles Command

◊ Export VRML Command

◊ Export World Wind Tiles Command

◊ Export Zoomify Tiles Command

♦ Export Elevation Spatial Database Command

♦ Export Raster/Image Spatial Database Command

♦ Export Vector Spatial Database Command

♦ Batch Convert/Reproject

• Print Command

• Print Preview Command

• Print Setup Command

• Exit Command

Open Data File(s) Command

The Open Data File(s) command allows the user to open additional data files into the main Global Mapper view. If no other data is already loaded and the user has not explicitly set a projection, the view will adopt the projection and datum of the first data file selected for loading. If other data is already loaded, the selected data files will be displayed in the current projection/datum.

The data will automatically be displayed at the proper location relative to other loaded data, creating a mosaic of data that is properly placed spatially. You don't have to do anything special to create mosaics of multiple files, this happens simply by loading the geo-referenced files into Global Mapper.

Note: Global Mapper automatically opens files with tar.gz extensions without the use of a decompression tool such as Winzip. This is particularly useful for SDTS transfers, which are typically distributed in a .tar.gz format.

The Open Spatial Database command allows the user to open additional data into the main Global Mapper view from a spatial database connection. If no other data is already loaded and the user has not explicitly set a projection, the view will adopt the projection and datum of the first spatial table selected for loading. If other data is already loaded, the selected data files will be displayed in the current projection/datum.

Click here for more information about loading data from a spatial database. Open Generic ASCII Text File(s) Command

The Open Generic ASCII Text File(s) command allows the user to import data from a wide variety of generic

ASCII text formats.

Selecting the Open Generic ASCII Text File command prompts the user to select the file(s) to load and then displays the Generic ASCII Text Import Options dialog (pictured below). This dialog allows the user to specify how the text file(s) are formatted so that they can be imported.

Global Mapper supports coordinates in decimal format as well as degree/minute and degree/minute/second coordinates.

The Import Type section allows the user to specify how they want the data in the file to be treated. The different import types are defined as follows:

• Point Only - All lines from the file which are determined to contain coordinate data will result in a

single point feature to be generated.

• Point, Line, and Area Features - Any string of two or more consecutive lines with coordinate data

will result in a line or area feature. All isolated coordinate lines will result in a point feature.

• Elevation Grid - All lines from the file which are determined to contain 3D coordinate data will be

use generated a triangulated terrain which is then gridded to create a elevation grid. This grid has all

the capabilities of an imported DEM, including contour generation, line of sight and view shed analysis, and raster draping. When selecting this option, the Create Elevation Grid dialog will appear after setting up the ASCII file import options to allow setting up the gridding process.

The Coordinate Column Order section allows the user to specify in what order the coordinates are found on coordinate lines in the file. Coordinates can either be x followed by y (i.e. longitude then latitude) or the reverse. You can also load files with WKT (well-known-text) coordinate strings, allowing line, polygon, and point feature coordinates all on a single line. MGRS (military grid reference system) coordinate strings can also be loaded. Elevation values, if any, are always assumed to come after the x and y values.

The Fields to Skip at Start of Line setting controls what field index (column) the coordinates start in. For example, if the x and y coordinates are in the 3rd and 4th columns, set this value to 2 so that the coordinates will be grabbed from the appropriate place. The Coordinate Format option allows you to specify how coordinate values are stored. The default option supports several formats, including using the exact decimal representation for the coordinate and automatic recognition of separated latitude/longitude degree values, such as DD MM SS with a large variety of supported separating characters. Support also exists for packed decimal

degree values in the formats DDMMSS.S and DDMM.M.

The Coordinate Delimeter section allows the user to specify what character the coordinates are separated by on coordinate lines. If the Auto-Detect option is selected, Global Mapper will attempt to automatically determine the coordinate delimeter. This option will usually work and should probably be used unless you have trouble.

The Coordinate Line Prefix section allows the user to specify whether coordinates start at the beginning of the line or if coordinate lines start with some other sequence of characters. For example, some formats may start coordinate lines with the sequence "XY,".

The Rows to Skip at Start of File setting controls how many lines to skip at the start of the file before trying to extract data. This is useful if you have some header lines at the start of your file that you want to skip over.

The Feature Classification section allows the user to specify what feature type to assign to area, line, and point features imported from the file.

If the Include attributes from lines with coordinate data option is selected, any text found AFTER the coordinate data on a line from the file will be including as attribute for the feature that coordinate is in. If not selected, only lines from the file that are not determined to contain coordinate data will be used as attributes.

If you are doing a Point Only import and the Column Headers in First Row of File option is checked, values

in the first line from the file will be used at the names of attributes for attributes found in coordinate data lines. This is useful for things like CSV files.

If the Treat 3rd coordinate value as elevation option is selected and a numeric value is found immediately following the x and y (or lat and lon) coordinate values, that value will be treated as an elevation. Otherwise, the value will be included as an attribute if the Include attributes from lines with coordinate data option is selected. Typically you want to leave this option checked unless you are importing point data in which the 3rd column is an attribute that occasionally contains all numeric values, such as well names.

If you have line and/or area data that do not have non-coordinate lines separating them but rather are delimited by a change in a particular field/column of data, you can use the Break Line/Area Features on Change in

Field option to specify which field (use a 1-based index) to check for breaking the data into separate line/area features.

Pressing the Select Coordinate Offset/Scale button displays a dialog that allows the user to select an offset and scale factor to apply to each coordinate. The offset entered will first be added to each coordinate, and then

each coordinate will be multiplied by the scale factor.

When generic ASCII text files are imported, Global Mapper will scan the attributes associated with each feature and look for any attribute names that are known to it. The following is an abbreviated list of attribute names that are currently recognized by Global Mapper when generic ASCII text files are read (see the links below the list for more complete lists):

• NAME or LABEL - the value associated with an attribute of either of these names will be used as the

feature name.

• DESC, DESCRIPTION, LAYER, or TYPE - the value associated with an attribute of any of these

names will be used as the feature description.

• GM_TYPE - the value associated with an attribute with this name or any of the description names

listed above will be used to attempt to assign a classification other than the default for each feature.

The value must match one of the classification names in Global Mapper to work. It will also work for user-created custom types.

• ELEVATION, HEIGHT, or DEPTH - the value associated with an attribute of any of these names

will be used as the feature's elevation.

• SYMBOL, POINT SYMBOL, or POINT_SYMBOL - the values associated with an attribute of any

of these names will be compared against the names of the symbols available in Global Mapper

(including any custom symbols). If a match is found, that symbol will be used for the point feature. These attribute names are ignored for line features. You can also specify custom dot and square symbol colors and sizes without having to add your own custom bitmaps for those symbols. Use names of the form DOT_CUSTOM_[SIZE]_[RED]_[GREEN]_[BLUE] and SQUARE_CUSTOM_[SIZE]_[RED]_[GREEN]_[BLUE] where the [SIZE] value is the radius in pixels of the dot or square, and the [RED], [GREEN], and [BLUE] values represent the color to use. For example, to specify a dot symbol of radius 10 pixels with a color or green, you would use a symbol name of DOT_CUSTOM_10_0_255_0.

• COLOR - the COLOR attribute should be formatted as RGB(red,green,blue). In the absence of a

specific fill or line color, it will be used.

• LINE COLOR, LINE_COLOR, BORDER COLOR, BORDER_COLOR, PEN COLOR, or

PEN_COLOR - the values associated with an attribute of any of these names will be used as the color

for the pen used to draw line features. The values must be formatted according to the guidelines layed out for the COLOR attribute in order to be recognized.

• LINE WIDTH, LINE_WIDTH, BORDER WIDTH, BORDER_WIDTH, PEN WIDTH, or

PEN_WIDTH - the values associated with an attribute of any of these names will be used as the width

for the pen used to draw line features.

• LINE STYLE, LINE_STYLE, BORDER STYLE, BORDER_STYLE, PEN STYLE, or PEN_STYLE

- the values associated with an attribute of any of these names will be used as the style for the pen

used to draw line features. Valid values are Solid, Dash, Dot, Dash - Dot, Dash - Dot - Dot, and Null. Only the Solid value is valid for lines with a width greater than 1

• LABEL_ON_LINE - if this is set to "YES" or "TRUE", the label (if any) for this line feature should

be rendered centered on the line

• CLOSED - if this is set to "YES" or "TRUE", the feature will be treated as a closed area feature if it

has at least three vertices.

• ISLAND - if this is set to "YES" or "TRUE", the feature will be treated as an island of the previous

closed parent area feature if it has at least three vertices. If there are no previous parent areas, this

attribute will be ignored.

• FONT_NAME - specifies the name (e.g. Arial, Times New Roman, etc.) of the font to use when

displaying the display label, if any, for this feature.

• FONT_COLOR - specifies the color of the font to use when displaying the display label, if any, for

this feature. The values must be formatted according to the guidelines layed out for the COLOR

attribute in order to be recognized.

• FONT_ANGLE - specifies the angle in degrees of the font to use when displaying the display label, if

any, for this point feature.

• FONT_SIZE - specifies the point size of the font to use when displaying the display label, if any, for

this feature.

• FONT_HEIGHT_METERS - specifies the height in meters of the font to use when displaying the

display label, if any, for this feature. Using this causes the actual point size of the font to vary as you

zoom in and out.

• FONT_CHARSET - specifies the numeric character set of the font to use when displaying the display

label, if any, for this feature. These correspond to the Windows character set enumeration.

Click here for more instructions on creating generic ASCII data files with features of various types and click here for more documentation on the supported fields.

source is added, you can use the Remove Source button to remove it from the list of available data sources at a later time. If you need to specify additional options for the WMS server, such as forcing a particular image format to be used, add those parameters after the Service Name parameter. For example, to force the use of

the JPG format, you might specify a Service Name parameter of 'WMS&format=image/jpeg'. To force a particular projection that the server supports to be used, include a SRS parameter, like

'WMS&SRS=EPSG:26905' to force the use of the UTM projection with the NAD83 datum and zone 5N.

You can also right-click on the added WMS layer in the list of sources and set a maximum zoom level (in meters per pixel) for the layer. For example you can specify a maximum zoom level of 5.0 meters per pixel, so when loading data from the source no tiles with a resolution greater than 5.0 meters per pixel will be downloaded. This is useful for sources that don't specify themselves what the maximum resolution should be and just go blank when you overzoom them.

You can also right-click on the added WMS layer in the list of sources and check whether or not to download as tiles when drawing or to download a single image for each draw operation. The default is to use tiles as that allows caching so that if you revisit an area at the same zoom level you don't have to redownload it. However if you have a source that adds a watermark to each tile this may be undesirable. Uncheck this option to disable the use of tiles for display. They will still be used for export as the size of exports makes it impossible to fetch all at once in many cases.

If you choose the OSM, Google Maps, or TMS source type, then the OSM/TMS Tile Source Defintion dialog (pictured below) is displayed, allowing you to setup the source. You need to specify the base URL where the data for the tiled source can be found (this should be the folder under which the folders for each zoom level are stored). You can also provide a URL with variables named %x (column), %y (row), and %z (zoom scale) in the URL so that you can setup the URL however your data source requires rather than using the default expected URL setup. If accessing a source setup similar to Bing Maps tiles, you might need to use the quadtree filename. Use %quad to do this. This replaces the %x, %y, and %z values. Finally the Bing Maps

The tree on the left of the dialog allows the user to select which data file they wish to load. Global Mapper

comes with several dozen useful links already entered into the tree.

To access your own ECW image from the web, press the Add Link... button. This button causes the Add New

Web Link dialog (pictured below) to be displayed.

The Group Name drop list allows the user to select which group, if any, to place the new link in. Any of the predefined groups can be selected, or a new group name can be entered. Leaving the group name blank will cause the new link to appear at the root level of the tree.

The Description field is where you enter the human-readable description of the link. This is what will be displayed for the link on the main dialog. Leaving this blank will cause the URL to be displayed instead.

The URL field is the most important piece of this dialog. This is where you specify the address of the ECW file to load. The URL should begin with the prefix ecwp:// with the remainder being a valid path to an ECW file served using ER Mapper's Image Web Server software.

When you've completed entering information about the new web link, press the OK button to complete your entry and have it added to the web link tree in the Load Image From Web dialog.

Pressing the Edit Link... button allows the user to edit the currently selected web link. Note that the built-in web links cannot be edited.

Pressing the Delete Link... button will delete the currently selected web link or group from the web link tree.

If you get an error message indicating that your settings have been updated to support the ECWP protocol whenever you try to load an ECW layer from the web you need to download and install the latest ECW ActiveX plugin from http://demo.ermapper.com/ecwplugins/DownloadIEPlugin.htm.

Open All Files in a Directory Tree Command

The Open All Files in a Directory Tree command allows the user to open all of the files matching a

user-specified filename mask under a user-selected directory. You will first be prompted to select a folder from which to load the files. After selecting the folder, you will be prompted to enter a filename mask for all of the files that you would like to attempt to load. After selecting a filename mask, all files under the selected folder which match the filename mask and are recognized by Global Mapper as a known data type will be loaded.

The filename mask supports the * and ? wildcard characters. The default mask of * will check all files under the selected folder. You can also cause data to only be loaded from selected folders as well. For example, if you had a large collection of folders with data split up into 1x1 degree blocks with the folder names depecting the 1x1 degree block they held, you could use a directory name mask to load only those blocks that you wanted. For example, you might use a mask of N4?W10?\*.tif to load all TIFF files between N40 and N50

and W110 and W100.

You can also specify multiple masks if you need more than one to describe the set of files that you would like to load. Simply separate the masks with a space.

Open Data File at Fixed Screen Location

The Open Data File at Fixed Screen Location command allows the user to open any supported data file format for display at a fixed location on the screen rather than at a fixed location on the earth. This is particularly useful for loading things like bitmaps for legends and logos. The loaded data will be used for screen display, export, and printing operations.

Selecting the Open Data File at Fixed Screen Location command first prompts you to select a file to load, then displays the Fixed Screen Location Setup dialog (pictured below). This dialog allows the user to specify the size and position of the data relative to the screen/export/printout.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to run Global Mapper script files. Capture Screen Contents to Image Command

The Capture Screen Contents to Image command allows user to save the current contents of the Global Mapper window to a JPEG, PNG, (Geo)TIFF, or Windows Bitmap (BMP) file. In addition, the generated image can be generated in a higher resolution than the screen to provide greater fidelity. Also, a world file for georeferencing in other software packages as well as a projection (PRJ) file describing the native ground reference system of the image can be optionally generated as well.

Unlike the raster export commands described later, the Capture Screen Contents to Image command also saves any vector overlays drawn to the screen.

Selecting the Capture Screen Contents to Image command from the menu displays the Screen Capture

Options dialog, shown here.

The Image Format section allows the user to select the format of the image to generate. Different formats have their own unique strenghts and weaknesses which make choosing the best format vary depending on the desired end results. The supported formats are:

• JPEG - JPEG is a lossy format that achieves excellent compression on images with a lot of color

variation, such as pictures of real world objects and shaded elevation data.

• PNG (Portable Network Graphic) - PNG is a lossless format that achieves excellent compression on

images without a lot of color variation, such as line (vector) drawings and paper map scans such as

DRGs. The generated PNG file will be of the 24-bit variety.

• (Geo)TIFF - TIFF is a lossless format that is supported by many GIS packages. Saving the screen to a

TIFF with this command generated a 24-bit uncompressed TIFF. In addition, all georeferencing data

is stored in a GeoTIFF header attached to the TIFF, making the image completely self-describing.

• Windows Bitmap (BMP) - BMP is a widely support format on Windows platforms. Saving the screen

to a BMP results in a 24-bit uncompressed image.

The width and height of the generated image in pixels are specified in the Image Size panel. By default, the size of the Global Mapper view pane are used. Using these values will generate an image that exactly matches what you see. You can change these values to generate a more or less resolute image with the obvious tradeoff of size vs. quality.

Checking the Generate World File option results in a world file being generated in addition to the image. The world file will be generated in the same directory as the image and will have the same primary name as the image. The filename extension will depend on the selected image type (JPEG=.jpgw, PNG=.pngw, TIFF=.tfw,BMP=.bmpw).

Checking the Generate Projection (PRJ) File option results in a projection file being generated describing the ground reference system of the created image. The projection file will be generated in the same directory as the image and will have the same primary name as the image with an extension of .prj.

Checking the Generate Text Metadata File option results in a text file being generated listing the metadata for the captured image.

Checking the Crop to Loaded Map Data option results in a text file being generated that is cropped to the bounds of your currently loaded map data rather than the full screen extents. If the loaded map data does not take up at least the entire screen then your specified pixel dimensions will also be shrunk so that the pixel size remains the same.

Pressing the OK button prompts the user to select the name and location of the image to generate and then proceeds to generate the image.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able capture the screen to an image file. Export Global Mapper Package File Command

The Export Global Mapper Package File command allows the user to export any or all of the loaded data to a Global Mapper package file. These files are similar to workspace files except that the actual data is stored in the files. Package files provide an easy way to pass around lots of data between Global Mapper users on different computers with a single self-contained file.

When selected, the command displays the Global Mapper Package Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the package export. The dialog consists of a Package Options panel, a Simplification panel, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel.

save the most detailed scale available, creating potentially very large files, or the scale the most closely matches the current display scale on the screen.

The Combine Compatible Vector Layers into a Single Layer option causes all vector features with the same native projection to be combined into a single layer within the package file rather than maintaining their original layer structure.

The Embed Images Associated with Picture Points option causes any images associated with a vector feature

(like points from an EXIF JPEG file) to be embedded in the GMP file for easy use on other systems.

The Simplification panel allows the user to set up the threshold at which points that don't contribute much to the shape of the vector line and area features being exported are removed in order to generate features with less vertices. By default, all vertices will be kept, but the user can move the slider to the right to get rid of relatively insignificant vertices and realize significant space spacings at the cost of some fidelity.

The Gridding panel allows the user to split up the data into regularly spaced tiles on export if desired rather than just exporting a single file.

The Export Bounds panel allows the user to select what portion of the loaded data they wish to export. Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able capture the screen to an image file.

Export PDF/GeoPDF File Command

The Export PDF File command allows the user to export any or all of the loaded data to a Geo-enabled PDF file. These are standard PDF files that can be read in Adobe Acrobat Reader. They also will have geopositioning information embedded in them so that mapping applications like Global Mapper can automatically display the data in the PDF at the proper location.

When selected, the command displays the PDF Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the PDF

export. The dialog consists of a PDF Options panel, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel.

♦ Export to Fixed Scale - If you choose the option to export to a particular scale, the generated

PDF file will have the specified scale. The specified export bounds will be adjusted around

the selected center point to have the scale specified.

• Margins - This section allows you to setup the size of the white margins around your data

• Header - Allows you to specify a header text to draw in the top margin of the output file.

• Footer - Allows you to specify a footer text to draw in the bottom margin of the output file.

• Layer Naming - This section controls how layers in the created PDF will be named. You can access

PDF layers in the Acrobat Reader

♦ Use Feature Type/Description as Layer Name - The feature type name/description will be

used as the layer name in the PDF file.

♦ Use Source File Description as Layer Name - The Control Center layer name for the layer

that the feature is in will be used as the PDF layer name.

• Point Symbol Scaling Factor - Specifies the scaling factor to apply when rendering point symbols to

the PDF file. For example, use 2.0 to double the size of your point symbols in the final PDF file, or

0.5 to make them half the size.

• Label/Font Scaling Factor - Specifies the size scaling factor to apply when rendering feature labels

to the PDF file, allowing you to easily grow or shrink all labels written to the PDF file. For example,

use 2.0 to double the size of your labels in the final PDF file, or 0.5 to make them half the size.

• Use JPG Compression for Raster Layers - Specifies that any raster layers exported to the PDF will

be compressed in the PDF file using JPG compression. While there may be a slight loss in quality by

using this option, the resulting files are typically much smaller and in most cases you cannot notice any loss in quality, so it is recommended to use this option.

• Combine Raster Layers into a Single PDF Layer - Specifies that if multiple raster or gridded

elevation data sets are involved in the export, they will be combined into a single layer in the

generated PDF file rather than each staying in a separate layer in the created file. This will result in smaller files, but you won't be able to individually turn different raster files on and off when viewing the PDF file.

• Embed Fonts - Specifies that any fonts used that might not be on every system will be embedded in

the PDF file. Using this option will basically guarantee that your text will display the same on any

system, but unless you are using an unusual font the increase in PDF file size might not be worth it as most users would have your font anyway.

If any of the point features being exported contain an attribute with LINK in the attribute name and a value either pointing to a valid web URL or a local file, then a clickable hot-spot will be embedded in the generated PDF file allowing you to click the location and pull up the web page or file from inside Acrobat Reader.

The Gridding panel allows the user to split up the data into regularly spaced tiles on export if desired rather than just exporting a single file.

The Export Bounds panel allows the user to select what portion of the loaded data they wish to export. Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able capture the screen to an image file.

Export Raster and Elevation Data

The commands on the Export Raster and Elevation Data submenu allow the user to export loaded raster and elevation data to various formats.

Export Arc ASCII Grid Command

The Export BSB Marine Chart command allows the user to export any loaded raster, vector, and elevation grid data sets to a palette-based (up to 127 colors) BSB marine chart raster image for use in compatible applications and some marine chartplotters. The export will generate a single KAP file containing the chart image.

When selected, the command displays the BSB Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the pixel spacing and chart parameters, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export BT (Binary Terrain) Command

The Export BT (Binary Terrain) command allows the user to export any loaded elevation grid data sets to a

BT (Binary Terrain) format file.

When selected, the command displays the BT (Binary Terrain) Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the grid

spacing to use, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export CADRG/CIB/RPF Command

The Export CADRG/CIB/RPF command allows the user to export any loaded raster, vector, and elevation grid data sets to a new CADRG or CIB database. This export will automatically split the export into the appropriate zones and projection and create the a.toc (table of contents) file for the data, as well as the individual frame files as specified by the MIL-STD-2411 (RPF), MIL-PRF-89038 (CADRG), and

MIL-PRF-89041 (CIB) specifications. A large number of defined chart types and scales/resolutions are available for export.

When selected, the command displays the CADRG/CIB Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel (pictured below) which allows the user to select the chart type, resolution, and other parameters, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

appended to each filename as it is exported. You can also option choose to split up the exports by longitude into separate folders, in which case the longitude is used as a folder name and the latitude appended to your base filename for each exported cell.

When selected, the command displays the DTED Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a DTED Options panel which allows the user to set up the DTED level and

other options, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

ADVANCED USERS: You can change the accuracy value exported in DTED files by specifying your own string value (up to 4 characters in length) at "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Global Mapper\DTEDAccuracy". The collection system value (up to 12 characters in length) can be specified at "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Global Mapper\DTEDCollectionSystem".

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export DXF 3D Face File Command

The Export DXF 3D Face File command allows the user to export any loaded gridded elevation data sets to a

DXF 3D Face file.

When selected, the command displays the DXF 3D Face Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the grid spacing and vertical units, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export DXF Mesh Command

The Export DXF Mesh command allows the user to export any loaded elevation grid data sets to a 3D DXF Mesh file.

When selected, the command displays the DXF Mesh Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup

the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the grid spacing and vertical units, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export DXF Point Command

The Export DXF Point command allows the user to export any loaded elevation grid data sets to a 3D DXF Point file. The DXF file will consist of a 3D DXF point for each point in the elevation grid defined by the spacing and extents that the user specifies. This option may be useful when used with other software packages that do not specify the DXF mesh format.

When selected, the command displays the 3D DXF Point Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the grid spacing and vertical units, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export ECW Command

The Export ECW command allows the user to export any loaded raster, vector, and elevation grid data sets to an ECW file. ECW files are highly compressed and great for storing things like satellite imagery. There is no size restriction on exported ECW files, so you can store many terabytes worth of imagery within a single highly compressed ECW file.

When selected, the command displays the ECW Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the pixel spacing and target compression ration, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export. If you would like to generate a lossless JPG2000 format file, simply slide the Target Compression Ratio slider all the way to the left (1:1 target compression ration).

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Elevation Spatial Database Command

The Export Elevation Spatial Database command allows the user to export any loaded elevation data to a table in a Spatial Database.

Global Mapper can export elevation data to the following spatial databases:

• Esri Enterprise Geodatabase (ArcSDE)

• Esri File Geodatabase

• Esri Personal Geodatabase

Export Erdas Imagine Command

The Export Erdas Imagine command allows the user to export any loaded raster, vector,and elevation grid data sets to an Erdas Imagine file.

When selected, the command displays the Erdas Imagine Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the pixel spacing and format, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Float/Grid Command

The Export Float/Grid command allows the user to export any loaded elevation grid data sets to a Float/Grid format file. The Float/Grid file will consist of a 4-byte IEEE floating point number for each elevation sample in the file, starting at the top-left corner and proceeding across, then down. In addition to the elevation data file, an ESRI-format .hdr file and .prj file will also be generated. There is also an option to allow exporting slope values (in degrees or percent slope if selected) or slope directions (in bearings where 0 is north, 90 is east, etc.) rather than elevation values at each sample location.

When selected, the command displays the Float/Grid Point Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the grid

images generated with this option will maintain good color fidelity and often be highly compressed, although they will lose some information as compared to the uncompressed 24-bit RGB option. Something else to keep in mind if selecting this option is that many software packages do not yet support GeoTIFF files that use the JPEG-in-TIFF compression option. By default the JPG compression used in the GeoTIFF file uses a quality setting of 75, but you can modify this on the displayed options dialog.

• Multi-band - This option generates a raster GeoTIFF file with 1 or more bands of data at either 8-,

16-, or 32-bits per band of data. This option is very useful when working with multi-spectral imagery

with more than 3 bands of data, like RGBI or Landsat imagery, or data sets with more than 8 bits per color channel. If you select this option, after hitting OK to start the dialog additional dialogs will be presented allowing you to further setup the multi-band export by choosing the input sources for each band in the output image.

• Black and White- This option generates a two color GeoTIFF file with 1 bit per pixel. This will

generate by far the smallest image, but if you source image had more than two colors the resulting

image will be very poor. By default, white will be a value of 0 and black will be a value of 1, but you can reverse this by selecint the Grayscale - Min Is Black palette option.

• Elevation (16-bit integer samples) - This option generates an elevation GeoTIFF using the currently

loaded elevation grid data sets. Elevation samples will be stored as signed 16-bit integers. There are

only a handful of software packages that can recognize a vertical GeoTIFF properly, so only use this if you know it works.

• Elevation (32-bit floating pointr samples) - This option generates an elevation GeoTIFF using the

currently loaded elevation grid data sets. Elevation samples will be stored as 32-bit floating point

values. There are only a handful of software packages that can recognize a vertical GeoTIFF properly, so only use this if you know it works.

When generating a 256 color (8-bits per pixel) GeoTIFF, it is necessary to select a palette indicates what 256 colors will be used to describe the image being exported. The following choices of palette are available:

• Image Optimized Palette - The palette generated will be an optimal mix of up to 256 colors that will

closely represent the full blend of colors in the source images. This option will generate the best

results, but can more than double the export time required if any high color images are present in the export set. If all of the input data is palette-based and the combined palette of those files has 256 colors or less, then the combined files of the input file will just be used with no additional export time being required.

• Grayscale Palette - This palette consists of 256 scales of gray ranging from black to white.

• DRG Optimized Palette - This palette is optimized for the exporting USGS DRG data. The palette

consists of only the standard DRG colors.

• DRG/DOQ Optimized Palette - As the name suggests, this palette is optimized for exporting a mixture

of USGS DRG data and grayscale satellite photos (i.e. USGS DOQs). The palette consists of the 14

standard DRG colors with the remaining 242 colors being a range of gray values ranging from black to white.

• Halftone Palette - The palette consists of a blend of 256 colors evenly covering the color spectrum.

This palette is the best choice when exporting anything but DRGs and grayscale satellite photos.

• Custom Palette from File - This option allows the user to choose a .pal file describing the palette to

use for the export. A .pal file should be a text file with one line per color, with the red, green, and blue

color components for each color in the palette separated by a comma. You can save a .pal file for an existing palette-based file by opening the Overlay Control Center, selecting the palette-based layer, press Options, then the Transparent Color button, then selecting the option to save a color palette file.

• Grayscale - Min is Black Palette - This palette creates an 8-bit per pixel grayscale image with no

color map stored in the image. Black will be stored as zero with varying shades of gray up to white

with a value of 255.

• Grayscale - Min is White Palette - This palette creates an 8-bit per pixel grayscale image with no

color map stored in the image. White will be stored as zero with varying shades of gray up to black

with a value of 255.

The Vertical Units field allows the user to select the vertical units to use when exporting elevation data (i.e. meters or feet). Any input data not in the selected vertical units will be automatically converted on export.

The Resolution section allows the user to selected the grid spacing to use when generating the GeoTIFF. The default value is the average of the grid spacings of all the currently loaded raster and elevation overlays. If the Always Generate Square Pixels option is checked, the smaller of the specified x and y resolutions will be used for both the x and y resolution. Forcing square pixels ensures that the resultant GeoTIFF file will look good even in software that is not able to deal with pixels that aren't square. If you'd like to specify the spacing in units other than those of the currently selected view/export projection, press the Click Here to Calculate Spacing in Other Units button.

If you want to generate a GeoTIFF file corresponding to a particular scale relative to the selected DPI value (see below), you can check the Export at the Fixed Scale option and then specify the scale to use. For example, if you specify a scale value of 25000, each inch in the output (an inch being the number of pixels equal to the specified DPI value) will be approximately equivalent to 25,000 inches on the ground.

The DPI Value to Save in Image option allows you to specify a DPI (dots per inch) value to save in the TIFF header. Some software, in particular graphics editing software, makes use of this value when sizing TIFF files for printout. Specifying the default value of 0 will result in the DPI tag not being saved to the TIFF file at all.

The Compression selection allows you to select what type of compression to use for the selected export file type. The available compression types are as follows:

• No Compression - The exported data is not compressed.

• Packbits - The palette-based image will be compressed using the lossless Packbits algorithm.

• LZW Compression - The data will be compressed using the lossless LZW algorithm. Note that not all

applications can load a LZW-compressed GeoTIFF file.

• CCITT/Fax4 - The 1-bit black-and-white image will be compressed using the lossless CCITT/Fax4

algorithm.

• JPEG Compression - The 24-bit color image will be compressed using the lossy JPEG algorithm.

Note that not all applications support loading JPEG-in-TIFF encoded files.

If the Make Background (Void) Pixels Transparent option is checked for 8-bit palette, 24-bit RGB, or JPEG-in-TIFF files, an alpha channel will be added to the created GeoTIFF file to indicate which pixels should be treated as transparent. Note that this will create a larger file and not all applications will support TIFF files with alpha channels.

If the ADVANCED: Use Tile Rather than Strip Orientation option is checked, the GeoTIFF file will use a tile-based organization rather than a strip/scanline-based orientation. A tile-based orientation has advantages when zoomed in on a layer for display, but can be slower when zoomed further out. By default a tile size of

128x128 will be used, but you can customize this by creating a DWORD registry key value

'HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Global Mapper\GeoTIFFExport_TileSize' with the desired tile size (like

256 for example for 256x256 tiles).

If the Save Scale/Elevation Legend/Grid if Displayed option is checked, the distance scale, elevation legend, and coordinate grid will be saved to the GeoTIFF file (except vertical GeoTIFFs) if they are configured to show up in the main display.

If the Save Vector Data if Displayed option is checked, any loaded vector data that is configured to show up in the main display will be saved to the GeoTIFF file (except vertical GeoTIFFs).

If the Generate TFW File option is checked a TIFF world file will be generated with the same name as the GeoTIFF file with a .tfw extension. The TFW file is used by software that is not capable of reading the placement of the GeoTIFF file directly from the GeoTIFF header.

If the Interpolate to Fill Small Gaps in Data option is checked, any small areas with missing data will be

filled in by interpolating the surrounding valid data. This is useful for filling small gaps between adjacent tiles or small holes in elevation data.

If the Generate PRJ File option is checked a describing the projection of the coordinates in the file will automatically be created

If the ADVANCED: Don't Write GeoTIFF Header option is checked no GeoTIFF tags will be written to the generated file. This is useful for using things like datum specializations that can't be exactly stored in GeoTIFF files, so you'd rather just use a PRJ file and not have anything in the GeoTIFF file.

Export Global Mapper Grid Command

The Export Global Mapper Grid command allows the user to export any loaded elevation grid data sets to a Global Mapper Grid format file. The Global Mapper Grid format is a highly compressed elevation grid format that loads and draws very quickly and requires very little memory. If you have a choice for what format to store your gridded elevation data in, we suggest using the Global Mapper Grid format.

When selected, the command displays the Global Mapper Grid Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the grid spacing and vertical units, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Google Maps Tiles Command

The Export Google Maps Tiles command allows the user to export any loaded datato JPG or PNG files tiled in the configuration required for display in using the Google Maps interface. This command will create both the image tiles and a sample HTML file for displaying the data with the Google Maps interface. You can just load the HTML file into your web browser to view the data once the export is over. You can also customize the HTML file however you need to.

When you select the command, the Google Maps Export Options dialog (pictured below) appears allowing you to setup the export. This dialog allows you to specify the display name of the map set in your web browser, the zoom level setup, the Google Maps API key to use, the format of the imagery, and some additional options. There is also an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export HF2/HFZ Command

The Export HF2/HFZ command allows the user to export any loaded raster, vector,and elevation grid data sets to an HF2/HFZ format file.

When selected, the command displays the HF2/HFZ Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the pixel spacing and format, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the

loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Idrisi Command

The Export Idrisi command allows the user to export any loaded raster, vector,and elevation grid data sets to an Idrisi file.

When selected, the command displays the Idrisi Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the pixel spacing and format, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export JPG Command

The Export JPG command allows the user to export any loaded raster, vector, and elevation grid data sets to a

JPG file.

When selected, the command displays the JPG Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the pixel spacing, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export JPG2000 Command

The Export JPG2000 command allows the user to export any loaded raster, vector, and elevation grid data sets to a JPG2000 format file. JPG2000 files are highly compressed and great for storing things like satellite imagery. There is no size restriction on exported JPG2000 files, so you can store many terabytes worth of imagery within a single highly compressed JPG2000 file.

When selected, the command displays the JPG2000 Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the pixel spacing and target compression ration, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export. If you would like to generate a lossless JPG2000 format file, simply slide the Target Compression Ratio slider all the way to the right (1:1 target compression ration).

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export JPEG2000 Elevation Command

The Export JPEG2000 Elevation command allows the user to export any loaded elevation grid data sets to a

32-bit JPEG2000 format elevation grid format file, providing excellent (but lossy) compression of gridded elevation data sets.

When selected, the command displays the JPEG2000 Grid Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the pixel spacing and format, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export KML/KMZ Command

The Export KML/KMZ command allows the user to export any loaded raster, vector, and elevation grid data sets to a KML/KMZ format file for display in Google Earth. If you are wanting to export a vector KML/KMZ file from loaded vector data, use the File->Export Vector Data->Export KML/KMZ menu command instead.

When selected, the command displays the KML/KMZ Export Options dialog (pictured below) which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a KML/KMZ Options panel, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

The KML/KMZ Options panel allows the user to set up the target image format for storage and the sample spacing, as well as other options such as whether to store all of the resulting files in a KMZ file (recommended) and whether or not to render and save loaded vector data. The Visibility Range/Fading Setup section allows advanced users to control the minLodPixels, maxLodPixels, minFadeExtent, and maxFadeExtent values used in the exported file to control when (i.e. what zoom level) the data will be displayed and also if and how to fade the data.

There is also an option to automatically grid the data on export (this creates what is known as a

SuperOverlay). Enabling this option allows very large quantities of data to be efficiently viewed using Google Earth. When using this option you can also control the tile size to use when creating the super overlays. For very large exports the larger sizes (1024x1024 or 2048x2048) are recommended.

Export Lidar LAS Command

The Export Lidar LAS command allows the user to export any loaded elevation grid data sets to Lidar LAS format files. If you choose the Lidar LAS option then a compressed LASzip (LAZ) file will be created. This offers lossless compression for Lidar data that makes your Lidar files much smaller!

When selected, the command displays the Lidar LAS Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the grid spacing and vertical units, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export NITF Command

The Export NITF command allows the user to export any loaded raster, vector, and elevation grid data sets to a NITF (National Imagery Transmission Format) file.

When selected, the command displays the NITF Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the pixel spacing, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Optimi Terrain File Command

The Export Optimi Terrain File command allows the user to export any loaded elevation grid data sets to an

Optimi Terrain format grid file. These terrain files can be used with applications from Optimi.

When selected, the command displays the Optimi Terrain Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the grid spacing and vertical units, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export OSM/TMS Tiles Command

The Export OSM (OpenStreetMaps.org) and Export TMS Tiles commands allows the user to export any loaded data to JPG or PNG files tiled in the configuration required for display in using either the OSM (OpenStreetMaps.org) or TMS (Tile Map Service) naming and tiling standards. This command will create both the image tiles and a sample HTML file for displaying the data within a web browser. You can just load the HTML file into your web browser to view the data once the export is over, but you will likely want to customize it to your needs.

When you select the command, the OSM Tiles Export Options dialog (pictured below) appears allowing you to setup the export. This dialog allows you to specify the display name of the map set in your web browser, the zoom level setup, the format of the imagery, and some additional options. There is also an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export PGM File Command

The Export PGM File command allows the user to export any loaded elevation grid data sets to a PGM

grayscale grid file. These grid files can be used with any software application that supports PGM files.

When selected, the command displays the PGM Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the grid spacing and vertical units, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export PLS-CADD XYZ File Command

The Export PLS-CADD XYZ File command allows the user to export any loaded elevation grid data sets to a

PLS-CADD XYZ format grid file. These grid files can be used with the PLS-CADD software application.

When selected, the command displays the PLS-CADD XYZ Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the grid spacing and vertical units, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export PNG Command

The Export PNG command allows the user to export any loaded data sets to a PNG file.

When selected, the command displays the PNG Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of an Options panel (pictured below), which allows the user to select whether to export an 8-bit palette-based PNG or a 24-bit RGB PNG file, as well as other applicable options, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export SRTM Command

The Export SRTM HGT commands allow the user to export any loaded elevation grid data sets to HGT format files to the SRTM specifications, including file naming, projection, and standard sample size, for easy use in any SRTM-compatible applications.

When selected, the command displays the SRTM Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export STL Command

The Export STL command allows the user to export any loaded elevation grid data sets to a STL format file for use with some CAD systems.

When selected, the command displays the STL Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the grid spacing and vertical units, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Surfer Grid (ASCII Format) Command

The Export Surfer Grid (ASCII Format) command allows the user to export any loaded elevation grid data sets to an ASCII format Surfer Grid file.

When selected, the command displays the Surfer Grid Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the grid spacing and vertical units, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Surfer Grid (Binary v6 Format) Command

The Export Surfer Grid (Binary v6 Format) command allows the user to export any loaded elevation grid data sets to a binary format Surfer Grid file compatible with Surfer v6 and above. Binary format Surfer Grids will be smaller than their ASCII-format cousins, so if you can use the binary format I would suggest it.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Surfer Grid (Binary v7 Format) Command

The Export Surfer Grid (Binary v7 Format) command allows the user to export any loaded elevation grid data sets to a binary format Surfer Grid file compatible with Surfer v7 and above. Binary format Surfer Grids will be smaller than their ASCII-format cousins, so if you can use the binary format I would suggest it.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Terragen Terrain File Command

The Export Terragen Terrain File command allows the user to export any loaded elevation grid data sets to a

Terragen terrain file.

When selected, the command displays the Terragen Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the grid spacing and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Vertical Mapper (MapInfo) Grid File Command

The Export Vetical Mapper (MapInfo) Grid File command allows the user to export any loaded elevation grid data sets to a Vertical Mapper GRD format file.

When selected, the command displays the Vertical Mapper Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the grid spacing and vertical units, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Vulcan3D Triangulation File Command

The Export Vulcan3D Triangulation File command allows the user to export any loaded elevation grid data sets to a Vulcan3D triangulation file.

When selected, the command displays the Vulcan3D Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the grid spacing and vertical units, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export VRML Command

x-coordinate,y-coordinate,z-coordinate

When selected, the command displays the XYZ Grid Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the grid spacing and vertical units, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Zmap Plus Grid File Command

The Export Zmap Plus Grid File command allows the user to export any loaded elevation grid data sets to a

Zmap Plus Grid format file.

When selected, the command displays the Zmap Plus Grid Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a General options panel which allows the user to set up the grid spacing and vertical units and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Vector Data

The commands on the Export Vector Data submenu allow the user to export loaded vector data to various

formats.

Export AnuDEM Contour Command

The Export AnuDEM Contour commands allows the user to export any loaded contour line data to the

AnuDEM contour .gen file format.

When selected, the command displays the AnuDEM Export Options dialog which consists of an Export

Bounds panel that allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export. Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format.

Export Arc Ungenerate Command

The Export Arc Ungenerate commands allows the user to export any loaded vector data sets to an Arc

Ungenerate format file.

When selected, the command displays the Arc Ungenerate Export Options dialog which consists of an Export

Bounds panel that allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export. Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format.

Export CDF Command

The Export CDF command allows the user to export any loaded vector data sets to a CDF (Common Data

Format) file.

If you choose to Export Separate Lat/Lon Coordinates for Each Point, the LATITUDE and LONGITUDE attributes that are created will use the current Position Display Format setting on the General tab of the Configuration dialog for formatting those values if you also have the option checked to Format lat/lon coordinates with Position Display Format.

ADVANCED USERS - In Global Mapper v11.02 and later you can customize the number of decimal digits written out for the X and Y coordinates for a CSV export by creating a DWORD registry key

'HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Global Mapper\ASCIIExportCoordPrecision'. For example, set this value to 6 to get 6 decimal digits for each X, Y, and Z coordinate.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Delft3D (LDB) Command

The Export Delft3D (LDB) command allows the user to export any loaded vector line data sets to a Delft3D (LDB) format file.

When selected, the command displays the Delft3D Export Options dialog which consists of an Export Bounds panel that allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export DeLorme Text File Command

The Export DeLorme Text File command allows the user to export any loaded vector features to one of 3 text formats that can be loaded into select DeLorme mapping products.

When selected, the command displays the DeLorme Text Polygon Export Options dialog which consists of an

Export Bounds panel that allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export. Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format.

Export DGN Command

The Export DGN command allows the user to export any loaded vector data to a MicroStation DGN v8 format file.

When selected, the command displays the DGN Export Options dialog (pictured below) which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of a DGN Options panel, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

name as the DWG file with the .prj extension.

If selected, the Create 3D Features Using Loaded Elevation Data option will cause any underlying elevation data (like DEMs) to be used to retrieve elevation values for 2D features being exported and generate new 3D features in the exported DWG file. The units used by the elevation values are determined by the Elevation Display/Export Units setting on the Vertical Options tab of the Configuration dialog.

If selected, the Generate ECEF Coordinates option will cause the exported DWG file to use Earth-Centered

Earth-Fixed (ECEF) XYZ coordinate values rather than XY values in the current export projection.

If selected, the Generate Zero-Width Lines option causes and line features created in the DWG file to be marked as having zero width. Use this option if you intend to use the resulting DWG file with a product such as MicroStation which has problems with lines of non-zero thickness.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Esri File or Personal Geodatabase Table Command

The Export Esri File Geodatabase Table command and Export Esri Personal Geodatabase Table command allow the user to export any loaded vector data to a table in an Esri File Geodatabase or Esri Personal Geodatabase.

NOTE: In order to export data to any Esri Geodatabase, you must have installed and licensed a copy of Esri ArcGIS 9.3.1 or higher. If you do not have ArcGIS installed, the Esri options will not appear in the selection lists. Support for Esri Geodatabases is only available in the 32-bit version of Global Mapper. You can install the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Global Mapper side-by-side, and they can share a license.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Garmin TRK (PCX5) File Command

The Export Garmin TRK (PCX5) File command allows the user to export any loaded vector line data to a Garmin TRK (PCX5) format file. This file can be imported by a wide variety of GPS software, such as Garmin's MapSource&reg, to facilitate transferring track logs to a GPS unit.

When selected, the command displays the Garmin TRK Format Export Options dialog which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Garmin WPT (PCX5) File Command

The Export Garmin WPT (PCX5) File command allows the user to export any loaded named point data to a Garmin WPT (PCX5) format file. This file can be imported by a wide variety of GPS software, such as Garmin's MapSource&reg, to facilitate transferring waypoints to a GPS unit.

When selected, the command displays the Garmin WPT Format Export Options dialog which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export GeoJSON (Javascript Object Notation) Command

The Export GeoJSON (Javascript Object Notation) command allows the user to export any loaded vector data sets to a GeoJSON format file.

When selected, the command displays the GeoJSON Export Options dialog which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the

loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export GOG (Generalized Overlay Graphics) Command

The Export GOG (Generalized Overlay Graphics) command allows the user to export any loaded vector data sets to a GOG format file.

When selected, the command displays the GOG Export Options dialog which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export GPX (GPS eXchange Format) Command

The Export GPX (GPS eXchange Format) commands allows the user to export any loaded point and line data to a GPX (GPS eXchange Format) file.

When selected, the command displays the GPX Export Options dialog which consists of an Export Bounds panel that allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export. If you want to fill in the <cmt> field of a feature during a GPX export, simply add a COMMENT attribute to the feature with the desired comment.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export InRoads ASCII Command

The Export InRoads ASCII command allows the user to export any loaded vector data sets to an InRoads

ASCII format file.

When selected, the command displays the InRoads ASCII Export Options dialog which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Hypack Linefile Command

The Export Hypack Linefile command allows the user to export any loaded vector line data sets to a Hypack

Linefile format file.

necessary if you have overlapping areas that do not display in the correct order without this option checked. If point features are drawn above the terrain, the Extrude Points option allows you to control whether or not a thin line is drawn from the terrain surface at the location of the point to the floating symbol above the terrain surface. Enabling this option makes it easier to locate exactly where a point lies relative to the surface.

The Filled Area Translucency section allows the user to control the degree to which filled polygons are see-through in the created file.

The Feature Descriptions section allows you to setup what is contained in the description for each feature in the generated file. You can choose to include only the feature description and links to any files associated with a feature, you can choose to add attributes to this, or you can choose to provide your own HTML text to use

for the feature description. If you use the HTML text option, you can embed the values of attributes from the feature in the text by enclosing the attribute name in percent signs, like %ATTR_NAME%. In addition to the name of attributes, you can also specify <Feature Name>, <Feature Desc>, <Feature Type>, <Longitude>, or

<Latitude> as the attribute name to get the feature display label, description, type name, point longitude, or point latitude embedded in the result. If you need to embed an actual percent sign in your result, simply use two percent signs consecutively as an escape sequence.

The following additional options are also available:

• Character Encoding - this option controls the character encoding value encoded in the header of the

KML file. You will typically just keep the default of iso-8859-1, but if your loaded data includes text

encoded with a different character set, like UTF-8, you can select that or even type in your own encoding if something else fits your data best.

• Create Compressed KMZ File - if this option is checked, a compressed KMZ file will automatically

be created. This will result in much smaller files and is highly recommended unless you plan on

manually editing the export result yourself in a text editor.

• Hide Point Features by Default When Loading File - if this option is checked, all of the point features

exported to the file will be hidden by default in Google Earth so as not to clutter up the display with a

bunch of point icons.

• Use Displayed Point Symbols Rather than Push-Pins for Points - if this option is checked, each point

feature will be rendered with the same symbol displayed in Global Mapper rather than using the

default push-pin symbol from Google Earth. This will result in a separate PNG file for each symbol used in the output file being included with the output data to provide the symbols.

• Display Area and Line Labels - if this option is checked, each exported line or area feature with a

display label will also be marked with a clickable placemark displaying the label for that area or line

feature. This is the only way to get line or area features to display labels in Google Earth.

• Highlight Areas in Google Earth when the Cursor Goes Over Them - if this option is checked, area

features will highlight when you move your cursor over them in Google Earth. In addition, if you

checked the option to display area and line labels, the area label will be hidden until you mouse over the area, at which time the label will popup.

• Generate Index KML File - if this option is checked, an additional index KML file will be generated

which indexes all tiles exported by the export command. This is very useful for dealing with very

large data sets as it will automatically load and unload individual KML tiles as needed for display in Google Earth, much as a map catalog does in Global Mapper. With this option you can load massive data sets into Google Earth and they will still display quickly. The drawing style of the index tiles is controlled by the selected drawing style for the Coverage/Quad area type on the Area Styles tab of the Configuration dialog.

For advanced users, you can also customize what is displayed in the balloon text that appears in Google Earth when you click on a point. You are able to customize the <Balloon Style> tag to use text with the string value

stored in the registry (create if it doesn't exist) at 'HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Global

Mapper\KmlExport_BalloonStyle'. If that value is empty the default setting from Google Earth will be used. Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format.

Export Landmark Graphics Command

The Export Landmark Graphics command allows the user to export any loaded vector data sets to a Landmark

Graphics format file.

When selected, the command displays the Landmark Graphics Export Options dialog which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Lidar LAS Command

The Export Lidar LAS command allows the user to export any loaded 3D vector data sets (like 3D point clouds loaded from other LAS files) to new Lidar LAS format files. If the source data came from a Lidar format file, like a LAS or MrSid Lidar file, the attributes from the original data will be maintained. For other points, in addition to the base position and elevation, if there is an INTENSITY attribute available for the point, the value of that attribute will be exported as the intensity for the point in the exported LAS file. If you choose the Lidar LAS option then a compressed LASzip (LAZ) file will be created. This offers lossless compression for Lidar data that makes your Lidar files much smaller!

When selected, the command displays the Lidar LAS Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export LMN (Spectra Line Management Node) Command

The Export LMN (Spectra Line Management Node) command allows the user to export any loaded line features to a LMN format file for use in applications that support the LMN format. Attributes named FEATURE_GROUP, FEATURE_TYPE, and FEATURE_REP are recognized for this export and will be used if present to fill in the appropriate data fields in the exported file.

When selected, the command displays the LMN Export Options dialog which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of a Gridding panel and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Lowrance LCM Command

The Export Lowrance LCM (MapCreate) command allows the user to export any loaded vector data sets to a

Lowrance LCM format file for use in Lowrance brand GPS devices. This allows you to create custom maps

for Lowrance devices from your data. Type assignment will be done based on the built-in type assignments. In addition, the MP_TYPE attribute classification used for Polish MP exports for Garmin devices will also work

for Lowrance exports, so if you provide custom classifications via the MP_TYPE attribute the type mapping should work for Lowrance exports as well.

The LCM export only has support for a limited set of types. Feature types that are not supported for LCM export will not be added to the generated LCM file, so it is important to use a built-in type (or a type with a custom MP_TYPE value that is supported) when exporting to the LCM format. The following is a basic list of the types of features that are supported:

• Area Types

♦ Lakes

♦ Oceans

♦ Parks

♦ Swamp/Wetland

♦ Urban Areas

• Line Types

♦ Political Boundaries

♦ Contours

♦ Railroads

♦ Roads

♦ Trails

♦ Streams/Rivers

• Point Types

♦ Airport

♦ Boat Ramp

♦ Campground

♦ Car Repair

♦ City

♦ Church

♦ Department Store/Shopping

♦ Gas Station/Fuel

♦ Hospital

♦ Navaids/Buoys

♦ Pharmacy

♦ Post Office

♦ Restaurant

♦ School

♦ Water Features (Spring, Stream, Lake Name)

♦ Wrecks

As the Lowrance format contains some type settings that cannot be captured with just a simple Global Mapper type selection or through the assignment of a MP_TYPE attribute, you can also use a LMC_TYPE attribute to provide a specific Lowrance type to use for some types. Here is a partial list of the supported LMC_TYPE attribute values:

• Depth Contour Line Types

♦ 0x50 - black, thickness 1

♦ 0x51 - blue, thickness 1

♦ 0x52 - dark aqua, thickness 1

♦ 0x53 - dotted aqua, thickness 1

♦ 0x54 - white, thickness 1

♦ 0x55 - black, thickness 2

♦ 0x56 - blue, thickness 2

♦ 0x57 - dark aqua, thickness 2

♦ 0x58 - dotted aqua, thickness 2

♦ 0x59 - white, thickness 2

♦ 0x5A - black, thickness 3

♦ 0x5B - blue, thickness 3

♦ 0x5C - dark aqua, thickness 3

♦ 0x5D - dotted aqua, thickness 3

♦ 0x5E - white, thickness 3

When selected, the command displays the Lowrance LCM Export Options dialog which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of a Gridding panel and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Lowrance USR Command

The Export Lowrance USR command allows the user to export any loaded vector data sets to a Lowrance

USR format file for use in Lowrance brand GPS devices.

When selected, the command displays the Lowrance USR Export Options dialog which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of a Gridding panel and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export MapGen Command

The Export MapGen command allows the user to export any loaded vector data sets to a MapGen format file.

When selected, the command displays the MapGen Export Options dialog which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export MapInfo MIF/MID Command

The Export MapInfo MIF/MID command allows the user to export any loaded vector data sets to a MapInfo

MIF/MID format file.

When selected, the command displays the MapInfo Export Options dialog which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of a Gridding panel and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export MapInfo TAB/MAP Command

The Export MapInfo TAB/MAP command allows the user to export any loaded vector data sets to a MapInfo

TAB/MAP format file.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export MatLab Command

The Export MatLab command allows the user to export any loaded vector data sets to a MatLab format file.

When selected, the command displays the MatLab Export Options dialog which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Moss Command

The Export Moss command allows the user to export any loaded area and line vector features to a Moss format file.

When selected, the command displays the Moss Export Options dialog which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export NIMA ASC Command

The Export NIMA ASC command allows the user to export any loaded vector data sets to a NIMA ASC

format file that can be used on many shipboard radar displays.

When selected, the command displays the NIMA ASC Export Options dialog which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Orca XML Command

The Export Orca XML command allows the user to export any loaded line and point vector data sets to an

Orca XML format file.

When selected, the command displays the Orca XML Export Options dialog which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format.

Export OSM (OpenStreetMap.org) XML Command

The Export OSM (OpenStreetMap.org) XML command allows the user to export any loaded vector data sets to an OSM XML format file that can be used to provide new data to the OpenStreetMap.org web site.

When selected, the command displays the OSM XML Export Options dialog which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Platte River/WhiteStar/Geographix File Command

The Export Platte River/Whitestar/Geographix File command allows the user to export any loaded area features to a Platte River Digitizer/Whitestar/Geographix Township/Range ASCII format file. These files can be used with several applications.

When selected, the command displays the Platte River Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

The township, range, section, and meridian values saved for each area feature exported are derived either from the attribute values for the area feature or the display label for "Survey Section" area types. The following attribute values names are recognized for each field:

• Township Attributes - TOWNSHIP or TWP

• Township Direction Attributes - TDIR (must have value of N or S)

• Range Attributes - RANGE or RNG

• Range Direction Attributes - RDIR (must have value of E or W)

• Section Attributes - SECTION, SECT, or SEC

• Meridian Attributes - MERIDIAN or MER

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export PLS-CADD XYZ File Command

The Export PLS-CADD XYZ File command allows the user to export any loaded vector data sets to a

PLS-CADD XYZ format file. These files can be used with the PLS-CADD software application.

When selected, the command displays the PLS-CADD XYZ Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Polish MP (cGPSMapper) Command

The Map Detail section allows you to control at what zoom levels the final map will be viewable at. More detail results in a map that better represents the shape of the source data but that requires zooming further in to see the map, while less detail will result in a rougher map that shows up sooner. You should tailer this to the approximate scale of your source data, will the lowest detail setting approximating source vector data of around 1:250K scale and the highest detail setting representing 1:24K or better scale data.

Most built-in types already have a default zoom scale at which they will show up in built MP maps (this will translate to a Levels= value for the feature in the exported MP file based on the levels in the MP file header). For custom types and for types that you want to change the default zoom scale for, you can add a MP_BIT_LEVEL attribute to the feature itself or to the default attribute list for a feature type. The value of this attribute should specify the minimum MP zoom bit level that a feature should appear at. For example, if you use the maximum Map Detail setting with no template file, you will get a map with populated zoom levels at 24, 22, and 20 bits. If you wanted a feature to show up in just the lower 2 zoom levels of that map (the 24 and 22 bit resolution layers), you could add a MP_BIT_LEVEL attribute with a value of 22 to your feature or the default attribute list for that type, then that feature would get a Levels=2 value written to the exported MP file. If your map had less detail (say zoom levels of 21, 19, and 17 bits), the same feature would

only show up in the most detailed 21 bit layer as features are always present in at least one layer of the map. If you want a feature to always show up at all zoom levels in your map regardless of what zoom levels are present, just add a MP_BIT_LEVEL attribute with a value of 1.

The Template File sections allows you to select a file to use as a template for the new MP file. The new file with use all of the settings from the selected template file except for the map ID (unless you check the Keep Image ID from Template MP File option) and, if you provide a map name, the map name. This includes the Dictionary setting and all levels settings. This provides a way for advanced users to set up one MP file exactly how they want and then export new maps with the same settings. You can also check the Copy Entire

Contents of Template File option to have everything from the template file copied to the new file verbatim, including any feature data in the template file.

If selected, the Create as Marine Map option specifies that the created MP file will be marked as a marine map and marine features will be used if appropriate. Note that the Marine version of cGPSMapper is required to create marine maps.

The Make All Point Features Searchable controls whether or not all point features in the final map created from the MP file should be searchable on the GPS device. If the Create Transparent Map option is selected the map will be marked as transparent and any data under the map will show through.

If selected, the Save All Attributes (Even Non-MP Attributes option specifies that all attributes from exported features will be included in the exported MP file, rather than just those attributes recognized for that feature type by the MP format. Most users won't ever need to use this.

When Global Mapper exports loaded vector data to a MP file, it will automatically attempt to determine the best type to save in the MP file based on the classification of the feature in Global Mapper. If no type mapping is known, the name of the assigned Global Mapper classification will be used for the 'Type' value in the MP file. If you updated your RgnTypes.txt file in your cGPSMapper folder with the type names and the

appropriate type number, you can make this work as well. You can also manually specify the type number to use for a feature by adding an attribute named MP_TYPE with the type value to use as the attribute value. If the value that you provide is for a marine type you should also provide an attribute with a name of MARINE and a value of Y. You can also override the default type mapping for built-in types by adding a default attribute list for the type on the * Styles tab of the Configuration dialog. Just add a MP_TYPE attribute to the default attribute list for a type to manually specify what type to use in exported MP files for a given Global Mapper type.

Global Mapper will automatically convert exported data to the appropriate projection and datum for export so that the Polish MP file will be correctly positioned. By default this will be lat/lon degrees with the WGS84 datum, although if you use a template file that specified a different recognized datum, Global Mapper will instead convert to that datum automatically. In any case, Global Mapper will always automatically do the right thing.

Advanced Users: If you aren't use a template to configure your export, you can customize the values used for several settings in the header for adding registry keys. The following values are supported:

• TreSize - Add a DWORD registry value using 'regedit' at

'HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Global Mapper\MPExport_TreSize' with your desired value.

• RgnLimit - Add a DWORD registry value using 'regedit' at

'HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Global Mapper\MPExport_RgnLimit' with your desired value.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export SEGP1 Command

The Export SEGP1 command allows the user to export any loaded 3D line and point vector data sets to a

SEGP1 format file.

When selected, the command displays the SEGP1 Export Options dialog which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of a Gridding panel and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Shapefile Command

The Export Shapefile command allows the user to export any loaded vector data sets to ESRI Shapefile format files.

When selected, the command displays the Shapefile Export Options dialog (pictured below) which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of a File Selection panel, a Gridding panel, and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

If selected, the Generate Projection (PRJ) File option causes a projection file describing the ground reference system of the shapefile to be generated for each shapefile created. The PRJ files will have the same name as the SHP file with the .prj extension.

If selected, the Generate 3D Features Using Loaded Elevation Data option specifies that 3D objects should be created in the shapefile. The elevation stored for each vertex/point will be the first of the following which is available:

• The elevation associated with the vertex/point in question.

• The elevation associated with the entire feature being exported. For example, the elevation of a

contour line.

• The first elevation obtained by searching the loaded elevation grid layers at the position of the

vertex/point.

• A value of 0.0 will be used if no elevation could be obtained via any of the prior methods.

If selected, the Add Feature Type (LAYER) Attribute to DBF option specifies that the type description for each exported feature will be added as a LAYER attribute to the DBF file generated with the SHP file.

If selected, the Add Style Attributes to DBF option specifies that style attributes should be added to the generated DBF file containing information about the drawing style and label font used for each feature. If you check this then when you reload your data in Global Mapper (but typically not other applications) it should maintain its drawing style

If selected, the Generate Multi-Patch Features for Areas option specifies that multi-patch features should be generated for area exports rather than normal polygon records. This is useful for exporting 3D models, such as those you would load from Google SketchUp SKP files.

WARNING: The Shapefile format uses a DBF file for attribute storage, which means that any attribute names are limited to 10 characters. Any attribute names longer than that will be truncated with a number potentially added on to maintain uniqueness among multiple long attribute names.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Simple ASCII Text File Command

The Export Simple ASCII Text File command allows the user to export any loaded vector data sets (i.e. areas, lines, and points) to a delimited ASCII text file. Each vertex in an area or line and the position of each point will be represented.

When selected, the command displays the ASCII Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of an Options panel (pictured below) and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Vector Spatial Database Command

The Export Vector Spatial Database command allows the user to export any loaded vector data to a table in a

Spatial Database.

Global Mapper can export vector data to the following spatial databases:

• Esri Enterprise Geodatabase (ArcSDE)

• Esri File Geodatabase

• Esri Personal Geodatabase

• MySQL Spatial

• Oracle Spatial

• PostGIS/PostgreSQL

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Surfer BLN Command

The Export Surfer BLN command allows the user to export any loaded vector data sets to a Surfer BLN

format file used by Golden Software's Surfer package to specify breaklines.

When selected, the command displays the Surfer BLN Export Options dialog which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export SVG Command

The Export SVG command allows the user to export any loaded vector data sets to a SVG (Scalable Vector

Graphic) format file suitable for display on the web.

When selected, the command displays the SVG Export Options dialog which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Tom Tom OV2 Command

The Export Tom Tom OV2 command allows the user to export any loaded point data sets to a Tom Tom OV2 format file for use in creating POI databases for Tom Tom GPS devices.

When selected, the command displays the Tom Tom OV2 Export Options dialog which allows the user to set

up the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Tsunami OVR Command

The Export Tsunami OVR command allows the user to export any loaded vector data sets to a Tsunami OVR

format file for use in the Tsunami software package.

When selected, the command displays the Tsunami OVR Export Options dialog which allows the user to set

up the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export UKOOA P/190 Command

The Export UKOOA P/190 command allows the user to export any loaded 3D line and point vector data sets to an UKOOA P/190 format file.

When selected, the command displays the UKOOA Export Options dialog which allows the user to set up the export. The dialog consists of a Gridding panel and an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded vector data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export Vector Spatial Database Command

The Export Vector Spatial Database command allows the user to export any loaded vector data to a table in a

Spatial Database.

Global Mapper can export vector data to the following spatial databases:

• Esri Enterprise Geodatabase (ArcSDE)

• Esri File Geodatabase

• Esri Personal Geodatabase

• MySQL Spatial

• Oracle Spatial

• PostGIS/PostgreSQL

Export WAsP MAP File Command

The Export WAsP MAP File command allows the user to export loaded line and area features to a WAsP MAP format file for use with the WAsP (Wind Analysis and Application Program) application (http://www.wasp.dk/.

Only those line features with an elevation and/or valid roughness attributes will be exported. Only those area features with valid roughness attributes will be exported. Valid roughness attributes consist of a ROUGH_L and a ROUGH_R attribute containing numeric values for the left and right roughness for the feature. If neither

of those attributes exist but a RV, ROUGHNESS, or ROUGH attribute is available, that value will be used for both the left and right roughness for that feature.

When selected, the command displays the WAsP MAP Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export ZMap+ IsoMap Line Text File Command

The Export ZMap+ IsoMap Line Text File command allows the user to export loaded line features to a

ZMap+ text format file for use with applications like Landmark Graphics. and GeoAtlas.

When selected, the command displays the ZMap+ IsoMap Line Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

This format costs of a header for the file, then a header line for each line feature which has the line elevation (if available), then one line per each input coordinate, with the X coordinate followed by the Y coordinate. All features will be tagged as contour line types. The following is short sample of an output file with a couple of features:

! File exported from Global Mapper using the ZMap+ IsoMap Line export.

! Projection UTM Zone 15 / NAD27 / meters

@CONTOUR FILE, CNTR, 80, 1

X (EASTING), 1, 1, 1, 1, 20, 7, 0.1000000E+31, , 20, 7, 0

Y (NORTHING), 2, 2, 1, 21, 40, 7, 0.1000000E+31, , 20, 7, 0

0.1000000E+31 245

380262.118 4321646.769

380249.294 4321650.577

380232.064 4321651.300

380222.628 4321653.954

380202.009 4321657.046

380195.088 4321656.460

380171.954 4321657.686

380202.009 4321888.741

380216.955 4321887.882

380232.064 4321887.882

380247.579 4321888.450

380262.118 4321888.450

0.1000000E+31 245

380262.118 4320539.721

380257.495 4320550.684

380254.024 4320555.291

380262.118 4320563.813

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Export ZMap+ XYSegId File Command

The Export ZMap+ XYSegId File command allows the user to export loaded line and area features to a

ZMap+ text format file for use with applications like Landmark Graphics..

When selected, the command displays the ZMap+ XYSegId Export Options dialog which allows the user to setup the export. The dialog consists of an Export Bounds panel which allows the user to set up the portion of the loaded data they wish to export.

This format costs of one line per each input coordinate, with the X coordinate followed by the Y coordinate (optionally with a Z if available), followed by the feature index in the file. The following is short sample of an output file with a couple of features:

924800.1	10593255.0	1.
919970.1	10590840.0	1.
915623.0	10586976.0	1.
914174.0	10579248.0	1.
919487.0	10573451.0	1.
927215.1	10569587.0	1.
933977.3	10568138.0	1.
938324.3	10575867.0	1.
937358.3	10586493.0	1.
934460.2	10593255.0	1.
927698.3	10594221.0	1.
924800.1	10593255.0	1.
884645.6	10557271.0	2.
887543.7	10549543.0	2.
893822.8	10540849.0	2.
900584.8	10539400.0	2.
906380.8	10543264.0	2.
907829.9	10554373.0	2.
900584.8	10565965.0	2.
895271.8	10567414.0	2.
886094.7	10565965.0	2.
884645.6	10557271.0	2.
876917.6	10524427.0	3.
870155.4	10518630.0	3.
865808.5	10512834.0	3.
861944.4	10503657.0	3.
865325.6	10494963.0	3.
871121.6	10493997.0	3.
880781.6	10496895.0	3.
889475.8	10499793.0	3.
890924.8	10509936.0	3.
889475.8	10518147.0	3.
884645.6	10524910.0	3.
876917.6	10524427.0	3.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to export data to any format. Batch Convert/Reproject

The Batch Convert/Reproject command allows the user to easily convert multiple files in one format to another format.

When the command is selected, the user is first prompted to select the file type to convert from using the dialog pictured below. Once an input file type is selected, another dialog with a list of all compatible export file types is displayed, allowing the user to select what type of file to convert the input files to. Finally, after

The Source Files section displays the list of source files currently selected to be converted. Pressing the Add Files... button allows the user to select additional files for conversion. Pressing the Add Directory... allows the user to easily add an entire directory's worth of source files to the to-be-converted list. All directories under

the added one can be recursively searched if so desired by answering Yes to the dialog that pops up immediately after selecting the directory. Pressing the Add Loaded Files button causes all files loaded into the main Global Mapper view that match that batch convert input type to be added to the list of files to be converted. Pressing the Add Onscreen Files button causes all files loaded into the main Global Mapper view that are currently at least partially onscreen and that match the batch convert input type to be added to the list of files to be converted.

The Directory section allows the user to choose where they would like the newly created output files to be created. The Use same directory as file being converted option causes the output file created off of each

source file to be created in the same directory as the source file. The Specify output directory option allows the user to choose a specific directory to output all of the newly created output files to.

The File Names section allows the user to choose whether the newly created output files should have the same file name as the source file they were created from (Use Source File Name option) or whether the more readable quadrangle name (if available) or layer descripiton should be used as the file name for the newly created output file (Use Quad Name or Description option). If the Use Source File Name option is selected, you can also specify an additional text string to append to each new filename to identify it.

The Projection section allows the user to choose whether or not each newly created output file should either use the same projection as the file that it was created from (Use Source File Projection option) or if each file should use a projection specified by pressing the Projection button. If the user selects to specify an output projection and they select a zoned projection like UTM or Gauss Krueger, they will have the option on the projection selection dialog to have the best zone for the center of the output map automatically used if they select the Automatically Select Best Zone option in the Zone box on the projection selection dialog.

The Setup Gridding (i.e. Tiling) button displays a dialog allowing the user to specify if and how to break up each file being converted into multiple new files. This option is only available when converting to a raster or gridded elevation format.

The Setup Sample Spacing button displays a dialog allowing the user to choose to either keep the sample spacing of source raster and elevation files when converting the selected or to specify a new sample spacing to resample all of the selected input files at when performing the conversion. This option is only available when converting to a raster or gridded elevation format.

The Horz Datum selection allows the user to choose the horizontal datum that each newly created output file should use. By default, each output file will use the same horizontal datum as the source file that it was created off of. Alternately, the user can specify to have all output files created in NAD27, NAD83, WGS72, or WGS84 with the appropriate offset being applied automatically.

The Vertical Units selection is present only for some conversions and controls the output elevation units.

The Palette selection is present only for some conversions and controls the palette, if any, used in the output files. The palette values are defined as follows:

• Image Optimized Palette - The palette generated will be an optimal mix of up to 256 colors that will

closely represent the full blend of colors in the source images. This option will generate the best

colors or less, then the combined files of the input file will just be used with no additional export time being required.

• Grayscale Palette - This palette consists of 256 scales of gray ranging from black to white.

• DRG Optimized Palette - This palette is optimized for the exporting USGS DRG data. The palette

consists of only the standard DRG colors.

• DRG/DOQ Optimized Palette - As the name suggests, this palette is optimized for exporting a mixture

of USGS DRG data and grayscale satellite photos (i.e. USGS DOQs). The palette consists of the 14

standard DRG colors with the remaining 242 colors being a range of gray values ranging from black to white.

• Halftone Palette - The palette consists of a blend of 256 colors evenly covering the color spectrum.

This palette is the best choice when exporting anything but DRGs and grayscale satellite photos.

• Custom Palette from File - This option allows the user to choose a .pal file describing the palette to

use for the export. A .pal file should be a text file with one line per color, with the red, green, and blue

• 24-bit RGB - Create a full 24-bit color image with no palette. This will create the best resulting image

but will also take the most space.

• Keep Same as Source File - The new file will use the same color encoding as the source file, either

palette-based, 24-bit RGB, multi-band, or grayscale.

• Multi-Band Image - The new file will use be a multi-band image using the same number of bands as

the input file. You will be able to choose either 8-bits or 16-bits per band.

The additional list of options varies depending on the particular conversion being performed. The meaning of those options is defined below:

• Add Watermark Image - when this option is checked, you will be prompted to select an image to use

as a watermark for your raster format export. You will also be allows to select display options for

your watermark image, such as transparency, to provide the desired effect. The selected watermark image will be stretched to cover the entire output image for each converted file.

• Adjust Image Contrast - causes the contrast of any input file to be automatically adjusted prior to

being exported. This is useful for improving the display of some types of imagery.

• Clamp Export to Lat/Lon Boundary - causes the export bounds of each image being converted to be

clamped to the nearest 3.75' lat/lon boundary. This can be useful in limited cases, such as when

reprojecting to geographic/arc degrees and the source images had a tiny collar to make the image square in the native projection.

• Convert to Grayscale - causes the exported imagery to be generated in only shades of gray.

• Crop to Selected Areas - this option specifies that each exported file will be cropped to any area

features selected with the Feature Info or Digitizer Tools. If this option is selected, no output file will

be generated for any input file that does not intersect any of the selected crop areas.

• Export Areas, Export Lines, and Export Points - these options respectively control whether area, line,

and/or point shapefiles are generated from the source vector data files. At least one of these options

must be selected.

• Fill Small Gaps in Data - this option specifies whether or not small gaps in the elevation or raster file

being exported will be filled by interpolating between nearby known values.

• Force Square Pixels in Output - causes the newly created files to have square pixels in whatever

projection they are created in. This allows the files to be used with the widest variety of other

software packages, many of which do not correctly handle non-square pixels.

• Generate Projection (PRJ) File - causes a projection file describing the ground reference system of

the output file to be generated for each output file in addition to the output file itself. The PRJ file will

have the same name as the output file with the .prj extension.

• Generate World File - causes a world file describing the location of the output file to be generated for

each output file. The world file will have the same name as the output file with the appropriate world

file extension for the output type (i.e. TFW for GeoTIFF, JGW for JPEG, etc.).

• Include Display Labels as Attributes - causes DXF attributes containing the name of the vector object

to be associated with DXF POLYLINE entities. As some software packages cannot handle attributes

in DXF files, you may have to turn this option off (with the associated loss of information) to get your exported DXF files to work with some packages.

• Include Feature Attributes in DBF - causes the attributes other than layer and elevation of each

feature (if any) to be stored in the DBF file associated with the generated Shapefile. In addition,

selecting this option will cause the DLG-3 attribute codes matching each feature to be stored in the

DBF file.

• Include Feature Names in DBF - causes the name of each feature (if any) to be stored as a NAME

attribute in the DBF file associated with the generated Shapefile.

• Make Single Color Transparent - allows the user to select a single color to treat as transparent in the

source data files.

• Minimize Window During Conversion - this option causes the main map window to immediately be

minimized when the batch conversion operation begins and stay that way until the operation

completes.

• Never Anti-Alias Pixels (Interpolate) - this option disables anti-aliasing (interpolation) even for those

layers to which it would normally be applied by default (like gridded elevation layers) or imagery

being reprojected or resampled.

• Never Automatically Adjust Contrast - this option disables automatic contrast adjustment even for

those layers to which it would normally be applied by default (like 16-bit per color channel images).

• Only Generate Metadata Files - causes only metadata files like world files, PRJ files, and TAB files

to be generated. This is a very handy way to create metadata files for a large collection of files like

GeoTIFF files in order to use the data in software that doesn't recognize embedded positioning information.

• Remove Collar From Image - causes the collar of DRG-style images to be automatically removed

from each image that is converted if collar bounds can be automatically determined. Note that some

collar may remain in order to make the end result rectangular if the destination projection in not geographic lat/lon. If you check this option and the file being converted is also loaded in the main map view and has some custom collar cropping applied, those collar cropping options will be used rather than the automatic DRG-style collar setting.

• Skip Existing Output Files - this option causes any conversion operations for which the default output

filename already exists to be skipped. This is useful when resuming batch conversion operations that

failed or were cancelled.

• Use Big Endian For Elevations - causes stored elevations to use the big-endian (Motorola) byte order

rather than the default little-endian (Intel) byte order.

• Use Lossless Compression - this option causes the lossless compression method to be used when

generating Global Mapper Grid files. If it is not checked, some minor loss of data in areas of high

terrain relief will be allowed in order to achieve a higher compression ratio.

• Use Other Source Files As Filler - causes all selected source files to be loaded and made available

during export to fill holes in the main file being converted. This is useful when you have a collection

of files that are being reprojected and you do not want to have a sliver around the edge of each new file filled with the background color when the source data does not make a perfect rectangle. You can even mark some files to only be used as filler by right clicking on them in the Files list and selecting the appropriate option in the popup menu.

• Use Tile Layout (ADVANCED USERS ONLY) - specifies that any exported GeoTIFF or JPEG2000

files should be organized in tiles. For GeoTIFF if this isn't checked the default strip organization will

be used.

Selecting the Print in Black and White option causes the printout to be generated in black and white, rather than full color even when printing to a color printer. The generated image will be a 256-level grayscale image.

Selecting the Use White Background Color option causes any background areas being printed to be filled with white so as not to use any printer ink. Uncheck this option is you want the currently configured background color to be maintained on the printout.

The Extra Margin Around Printout setting allows you to specify an extra margin to draw around the output. This is useful when printing to things like a PDF file that do not have any natural margins like a printer does.

The Print To Scale option allows you to specify that you want the printed result to match a certain scale, like

1:1000. This means that one inch on the printed paper will correspond to 1000 inches in the real world. If you choose to print to a certain scale, the printout will be centered on the center of your current screen view, but the appropriate amount of information will be rendered to achieve the requested scale.

The Print To File section allows you to specify that the printout be directed to an image file rather than to the printer. This can be handy if you either want to save the results of the printout to email to someone or post on

a web site, or you are having trouble printing and would like to print out the data generated by Global Mapper using another application.

The Print Bounds panel allows the user to select exactly what area to print (the default is the current screen contents). This panel behaves just like the Export Bounds panel found on most export dialogs.

Print Preview Command

The Print Preview command allows the user to preview what a printout of the contents of the current view window would look like.

Print Setup Command

The Print Setup command allows the user to setup their printer for printing the current view window. Exit Command

The Exit command closes the Global Mapper application. View Menu

The View menu offers the following commands:

• Toolbars - Shows or hides the toolbar(s)

♦ Favorites Toolbar

• Status Bar - Shows or hides the status bar

• Background - Allows user to change the background color

• Center on Location - Allows user to recenter the view on a location

• Properties - Displays Dialog with Properties of Current Map View

• Full View - Zooms such that all loaded data is visible

• Zoom In - Zooms in on loaded data by a factor of 2

• Zoom In Micro - Zooms in on loaded data by a small amount

• Zoom Out - Zooms out on loaded data by a factor of 2

• Zoom Out Micro - Zooms out on loaded data by a small amount

• Zoom To Scale - Zooms the current view to a given scale

• Zoom To Spacing (Pixel Size) - Zooms the current view to a given pixel size

• Zoom To Selected Features - Zooms to features selected with Digitizer Tool

• Zoom To View in Google Earth - Open Google Earth to same view

• Save Current View - Saves the current view for later restoration

• Restore Last Saved View - Restores the last saved view

• Restore Last Drawn View - Restores the last drawn view

• Name and Save Current View - Names and saves the current view

• Restore Named View - Restores a previously saved named view

Toolbars

Use this command to display and hide the Toolbars, which includes buttons for some of the most common commands in Global Mapper. A check mark appears next to the menu item when the Toolbar is displayed

Favorites Toolbar

The Favorites Toolbar (pictured below) provides very convenient one-click access to many of the commands in Global Mapper, including nearly every Digitizer Tool command and many of the commands under the other menu commands. The toolbar consists of a drop-down with the configured Favorite options and commands to setup the Favorites and a green arrow that you press to active the currently selected command. You can also use the Ctrl+Enter shortcut key to run whatever the selected command is, thus creating a single configurable shortcut key. You can also use the Setup Favorites Shortcut Keys option to bring up a dialog allowing you to assign shortcut keys to any available command, providing quick keyboard access to nearly any functionality in the software! The Setup Favorites List option allows you to select commands to always have available in the Favorites drop-down list (above the first separator dashed line). The Favorites toolbar will also remember what you commonly use in the Digitizer Tool and automatically populate the list with up to 5 commonly used tasks (these are placed below the specifically selected commands).

Status Bar

The status bar is displayed at the bottom of the Global Mapper window. To display or hide the status bar, use the Status Bar command in the View menu.

The left area of the status bar describes actions of menu items and toolbar icons. The left area of the status bar will also show color or elevation of the current pixel if it's over a raster image, or the description of the closest vector overlay component. If the nearest line feature to the cursor contains recognized addressing information, the address nearest the cursor will be displayed.

The right areas of the status bar indicate the current view scale and the current mouse position in both the global ground reference system and in the Position Display Format currently selected from the Configuration dialog.

Background

The Background command brings up a color dialog box from which the user can select a color to be the new background color of your Global Mapper window. The background color selected will also be used to fill in areas of no data in exported raster imagery (i.e. GeoTIFF and JPG files).

Center on Location

The Center on Location command allows the user to manually enter a location to recenter the view on, providing a quick and easy way to center yourself on a particular location.

Properties Properties

The Properties command displays a dialog listing properties about the current view window. Full View

The Full View command zooms such that all of the currently loaded overlays fit in the view window. This command also places the overlays in the center of the view window.

Zoom In

The Zoom In command zooms the current view in by a factor of 2. Zoom In Micro

The Zoom In Micro command zooms the current view in by a small amount. Zoom Out

The Zoom Out command zooms the current view out by a factor of 2. Zoom Out Micro

The Zoom Out Micro command zooms the current view out by a small amount. Zoom To Scale

The Zoom To Scale command zoom the current view to a user-specified scale. For example, to make one inch on the screen be equivalent to 1 mile of ground truth, you would enter a scale of 63360 (this is the number of inches in a mile).

Zoom To Spacing (Pixel Size)

The Zoom To Spacing command zoom the current view so that each pixel on the screen represents a user-specified number of ground units.

Zoom To Selected Feature(s)

The Zoom To Selected Feature(s) command zooms the current view to the bounds of the feature(s) that are currently selected with the Digitizer Tool.

Zoom To View in Google Earth

The Zoom To View in Google Earth command will open a session of Google Earth on your machine and pan and zoom it to approximately match your current view. Note that this does require that you have a copy of Google Earth installed.

Save Current View

The Save Current View command saves the current map view bounds. The saved view can later be restored by using the Restore Last Saved View command. This feature allows you to save a view at one spot, then pan and zoom around and load additional data, then restore your view to the saved spot in one simple operation.

Restore Last Saved View

The Restore Last Saved View command restore the map view to the location last saved using the Save Current

View command.

Restore Last Drawn View

The Restore Last Drawn View command restore the map view to the view that was last drawn on the main map. You can use this to back up threw recently drawn view locations and zoom levels.

Name and Save Current View

The Name and Save Current View command associates the current map view bounds with a user-specified name. The saved view can later be restored from a list of named views using the Restore Named View command. This feature allows you to save multiple views with descriptive names, then easily restore those views at a later time.

Restore Named View

The Restore Named View command allows you to restore a previously saved map view. You can save map views for later restoration using the Name and Save Current View command.

Search Menu

The Search menu currently provides the following commands:

• Search By Name

• Search By Attributes, Name, and Description

• Search and Replace

• Find Address

• Find Features with Duplicate Attribute Values

Search By Name

The Search By Name command allows for searching for features in all loaded vector data by name. When selected, the Find By Name dialog is displayed.

The Find By Name dialog displays a list of all of the vector features (areas,lines, and/or points) whose label starts with the search string specified in the Search String field. This field can contain the ? and * wildcard

In addition, one can control which vector object types (area, line, and/or point) to include in the search and also whether to limit the search to those features that are on-screen.

Once you have your Search Criteria set how you want for the search, press the New Search button to actually perform the search and display the matching results in the results list. The results will be sorted in ascending order by the names of the features by default, but you can click on any column header to sort the results by the values in that column. Clicking the same column header again will reverse the order of the sort. You can also press the Search in Existing Results button to apply the new search criteria to the existing results. Using this you can create complicated searches based on multiple criteria.

Double-clicking on an item in the list will recenter the view on that object.

The Edit Selected button displays a dialog allowing the user to modify the name, feature type, and drawing style of any features selected.

The Delete Selected button will mark all selected features as deleted.

If you right click on the results list, additonal options will appear, such as the option to select all of the results in the list. If multiple line features are selected in the results list, when you right click there will be an option to combine those line features into new line features if the selected lines connect at their endpoints. Options for copying the selected features to the clipboard and selecting the selected search results with the Digitizer Tool for further editing will also appear if any results are selected.

ADVANCED USERS: You can change the default search string from '*' to whatever you want by creating a new registry string value with the desired default search string at "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Global Mapper\DefaultVectorSearchStr".

Search and Replace

The Search and Replace command allows for searching for a particular text string in the attributes and name of loaded features and replacing that with some other text string. When you select the command, the Search and Replace dialog (pictured below) is displayed, allowing you to setup the search-and-replace operation.

When searching, you can either enter a Search Text value of the string to match on, or you can enter an asterisk (*) to match any non-empty value. You can also use the asterisk (*) at the start or end of the search string to look for text that starts or ends with some particular text.

In the Replace Text box you have more options. You can specify a simple text string to replace the Search

Text with, or you can use a single wildcard to prepend or append text.

For example, to prepend the text 'Sample' in front of your search string, enter a replace string of 'Sample*'. To append the text to your search string, use '*Sample'. If you want to replace any string that starts with the sequent 'N ' with 'North ', use a search string of 'N *' and a replace string of 'North *'.

Find Address

The Find Address command displays the Search for an Address dialog (pictured below) which allows searching for an address, city, or postal code anywhere in the world.

If an address is found that matches the requested location, a results dialog (see sample below) is displayed with the matching location information, as well as button to allow creating a new point feature at the address location, re-centering the map view on the address, and copying the address information to the Windows clipboard for easy pasting into another application.

The dialog also includes a Geocode Addresses from File button that allows you to geocode a bunch of addresses at once. The text file that you select to convert can either contain a list of files with addresses in the single line form accepted when searching on a single address, or it can be a comma or tab-delimited file with

named columns, like Address, City, State, Country, and Zip or Postcode (see the example file contents below). Note that you are limited to about 5,000 address searches within a single 24 hour period.

Sequence,Name,Address,City,State,ZIP,Phone

1,McPeak Betty,,North Pole,AK,99705,907-488-4879

2,McPeak P,,Anchorage,AK,99501,907-770-2957

3,McPeak Roger,,North Pole,AK,99705,907-488-8823

4,McPeak Allan,1011 McCay Ave,Mobile,AL,36609,251-633-0931

5,McPeak Bill,395 Dupree Dr,Huntsville,AL,35806,256-837-2657

6,McPeak Carol,5923 Lumsden Battery Cir,Mobile,AL,36619,251-661-0989

7,McPeak Dwight,5548 Heath Row Dr,Birmingham,AL,35242,205-991-8862

8,McPeak Faye,146 Larkin St,New Market,AL,35761,256-379-5416

9,McPeak Faye,395 Dupree Dr,Huntsville,AL,35806,256-837-2657

When batch geo-coding, you can choose to either geocode US addresses against an online database, or to geocode to loaded road data instead. If you choose to geocode against loaded road data, you must already have road data loaded with a known address format, like Tiger/Line data in the US, or data with supported attribute names for addressing information, like R_FROM_ADR, L_TO_ADR, R_FROM_CITY, L_TO_CITY, etc., so that the data can be geocoded.

Once you complete a batch geocode operation, the results are displayed in a list in a dialog (see sample below). The Batch Geocode Results dialog contains buttons allowing you to create new point features from the matched address results or to export the results to a new file.

Find Features with Duplicate Attribute Values

The Find Features with Duplicate Attribute Values command allows you to search loaded vector features to find those that have duplicate values for a selected attribute value. You can then view the results and manually edit them, or choose to automatically assign unique numeric values for the selected attribute so that duplicates no longer exist.

When you select the menu item you are first prompted to select which attribute (including feature name) to search for duplicates on, then the search proceeds and any duplicate values are display in the Duplicate Search Results dialog (picture below). This dialog allow you to view the features with duplicate results and to edit those features or automatically assign new unique values. You can also press the Delete Duplicates button to

those export types.

• Use Selected Area Feature(s) for Grid Cells - This option will export a file for each area feature

selected with the Feature Info or Digitizer Tools. When you select this feature, you will be prompted

to select how to name the files based on each area. You can choose from using the display label of the area, the filename of the file that the area was loaded from, an attribute value of the area, or just a simple sequential numbering scheme. You will also be prompted to choose whether each export should actually be cropped to the polygonal boundary of the area or should just use the rectangular bounds of the area's boundary. Note that when you select a filename to save to after this, the filename portion of the selected name will be pre-pended to whatever is used as the grid cell name. So if you want just your selected item (i.e. attribute, name, etc.) and nothing prepended, only specify a period and then the extension when selecting the base output filename, like '.jpg' for JPG output.

If the user chooses to breakup the data into a grid, then the options in the Grid Naming section will apply and allow the user to control how the individual grid tile files are named. The following naming options are available:

• Sequential Numbering (Row-Major Order) - With this option, a number starting at 1 for the top-left

tile will be appended to the selected export filename. The number will increase across each row.

• Separate Row/Column Letters or Numbers - With this option, separate indicators will be appended to

the selected export filename for the row and column. If letters are selected, the letters A-Z will be

used. If more than 27 letters are needed, multiple letters will be used (e.g. AA, AB, etc.). If numbers are used, the number values will be pre-pended with zeroes in order to make the numeric values have the same number of characters for every output tile. If the Reverse checkbox is marked, the order or the numbers or letters used will be reversed (e.g. if there are 4 rows and numeric naming is selected, the rows will be named 4, 3, 2, 1 instead of 1, 2, 3, 4). The user also has the option of specifying the letter/number to start naming at as well as the option to specify a prefix for each column and row number for each tile and the option to specify by what value numeric names should change by (step) for each successive row or column. If the Reverse Naming option is checked, the column name will come before the row name in the export filename, otherwise the row name will be before the column name. If the Prepend 0 to Numbers to Make Same Length option is checked, the longest number will be found for both the column and row names and all other column/row names will have 0's prepended to make them all the same length. The same applies to column/row names using letters if the Prepend A to Letters to Make Same Length option is checked. If the Create Folders for Each Row (or Col if Reversed) option is checked, a separate output sub-folder will be created for each row (or column)

that is exported, preventing too many files from being placed in a single folder. The Separate Rows and Columns with Underscore option causes an underscore to be used to separate row and column values in the output filenames. If not checked then no separator character will be used.

The Grid Cell Overlap section allows the user to specify that the generated grid cells should overlap each other by a certain percentage of the cell size. This option is useful for loading the slightly overlapping result files into something like Photoshop for color matching between cells.

If the Skip Existing Files option is checked, any grid cell file that already exists at the destination location will be skipped. This makes it easy to resume a cancelled export as the already exported files would not be

re-exported.

Image Rectification (Georeferencing)

The Image Rectification feature in Global Mapper allows you to load and work with any JPG, PNG, or TIFF

imagery, regardless of whether or not spatial positioning information is provided with it.

For example, you could scan in an image of a map to a JPG file, use the File->Rectify Imagery menu command to enter the coordinates of several points on that image, and then load it into Global Mapper, properly overlaid with any other loaded data.

Click Here for a Video Tutorial provided by www.globalmapperforum.com

Once you have rectified an image in Global Mapper, you can then export it to any of the supported export formats to obtain a fully rectified image that can then be immediately loaded into numerous other imaging and GIS packages.

If you find that after rectifying a file that you want to modify the rectification, you can simply select the layer in the Overlay Control Center, then right-click and select the Modify Layer Position/Projection option to bring up the rectification dialog for that layer.

As-Needed Rectification

There are two ways to rectify imagery in Global Mapper. The first is to simply load the imagery file needing to be rectified just like any other file. Global Mapper will automatically prompt you to rectify an image if it cannot automatically determine where on the earth the image should be placed.

If you indicate that you would like to rectify an image when prompted, the Image Rectifier dialog will appear, allowing you to enter ground control points for the image in order to rectify it. This process is described in detail later.

Batch Rectification

By using the Rectify (Georeference) Imagery command under the File menu, you can select multiple images to rectify at a time. You will be allowed to rectify all images that you select, regardless of whether they already contain valid positioning information. In this way, you can correct poorly positioned imagery.

Using the Batch Image Rectification Options dialog (pictured below), you can setup whether you would like to view the images after rectification, export them to one of several formats, or both.

&ltx-pixel location&gt,&lty-pixel location&gt,&ltx-ground location&gt,&lty-ground location&gt,&ltpoint name (optional)&gt,&ltpoint error in pixels (optional)&gt

There are also options on the File menu for loading control points and projection information from an OziExplorer .map, CompeGPS .imp, and Touratech TTQV .cal files as well as saving your control point information to world (TFW, JGW, etc.) files.

Options Menu

The Options menu allows you to setup various options related to the rectification process, as described below:

• Rectification Method - the Rectification Method submenu allows you to select which rectification

method (hence the name) to apply to the entered control points. Different methods are available based

on how many control points have been entered. The various methods are as follows:

♦ Automatic - the Automatic select automatically selects the "best" rectification method that is

available based on the number of control points that have been entered. This is the default

method and should rarely need to be changed.

♦ Linear - the Linear rectification method is used when only two control points are entered.

This is the simplest of the rectification methods and is equivalent to supplying a world file for

the image. This method does not allow for any distortion or rotation in the image, but often works well if the correct projection is selected for the image.

♦ Helmert - the Helmert, or similarity, rectification method requires at least two controls points

to be entered. This rectification method is useful if you need to maintain the original shape of

data after a transformation. This method will only be used if you explicitly select it from the list of rectification methods.

♦ Affine - the Affine rectification method requires at least three controls points to be entered.

This rectification method calculates a best fit to a simple equation of the control points

entered. This method can account for some degree of rotation and distortion, but not with a high degree of accuracy. Because a best fit approximation is used, some of your ground points may move a little in order to minimize the error among all control points.

♦ Polynomial - the Polynomial rectification method requires at least four control points to be

entered. This rectification method calculates a best fit to a more complex polynomial equation

described the transformation from pixel space to ground coordinate space. Because a best fit approximation is used, some of your ground points may move a little in order to minimize the error among all control points. If you have 6 or more control points, a second order (N=2) polynomial will be used to transform the points.

♦ Triangulation - the Triangulation rectification method requires at least five control points to

be entered. This rectification method performs a Delaunay triangulation for the control points

and will exactly preserve the location of each entered control point. Occasionally the Triangulation method generates some odd results around the edges of the rectified image. If this happens, try to enter more control points around the edge of the image, or change your rectification method to Polynomial.

• Resampling Method - the Resampling Method submenu allows you to select how the source image

pixels will be resampled to create the rectified imagery. These settings simply control which

resampling method is applied initially for rectified images. This can be changed later in the Overlay

Control Center.

♦ Nearest Neighbor - simply pick the closest pixel from the source image for each pixel in the

rectified image. This can result in some blockiness.

♦ Bilinear Interpolation - performs a weighted average of the four closest pixels in the source

image to determine the color for a pixel in the rectified image.

• Auto-Name GCPs - this setting controls whether or not you will be prompted to enter a name for each

ground control point (GCP) entered. Disabling this allows you to specify a name for each GCP, but

can interrupt workflow. Unless you have a specific need to name your GCPs, we would recommend turning this option on.

• Display GCP Labels - this setting controls whether or not the names of each ground control point

(GCP) will be displayed in the Zoomed and Reference Image views.

• Remember Last Projection - this setting controls whether or not to initialize the projection to the last

used rectification projection when rectifying new data. If this is not enabled, the projection will

always default to Geographic/Arc Degrees/WGS84.

• Add Control Points at Corner Points - this option allows you to easily create a control point at each

corner of the layer being rectified. If enough other control points have already been entered to do a

rectification, the new corner control points will automatically be initialized with the best guess at the ground/projected location, otherwise they will be initialized with dummy values.

• Display Transformation Equations - this option displays the actual transformation equations used for

transforming this image based on the selected rectification method and the entered control points.

Note that this is only available if enough control points have been entered for a transformation to be calculated and if the transformation method is based on a simple set of equations.

• Show Crosshairs Across Entire Map - this option controls whether or not crosshair lines are displayed

across the entire Zoomed View and Reference Image views.

• Automatically Save GCP File When Done - this option will automatically prompt the user to save a

GCP file when they select the OK or Apply button to complete a rectification operation.

• Ctrl+Left Click Recenters and Zooms Other View - this option controls whether or not Ctrl+Left

Clicking in the Zoomed or Reference Image view just recenters the other view if possible, or if it also

zooms the other view to the same approximate extents.

Entire Image View

The Entire Image View portion of the Image Rectifier dialog displays, as you might expect, a view of the entire image being rectified. Any ground control points (GCPs) will also be depicted on this view with a "big red X". The current portion of the image being displayed in the Zoomed View section will be highlighted as well.

You can use the mouse in the Entire Image View to control what portion of the image is visible in the Zoomed View. Clicking the left mouse button anywhere in the Entire Image View will cause the Zoomed View to be recented on the click position. Dragging a rectangle with the left mouse button will cause the Zoomed View to recenter and zoom to the box. If you also hold down the CTRL key when clicking the left mouse button, the Reference Image view will also be recentered on the associated point if there have been enough control points entered to convert the coordinates.

Zoomed View

The Zoomed View portion of the Image Rectifier dialog allows the user to pan and zoom around the image as well as select pixel coordinates for control point entry. Any ground control points (GCPs) will be depicted in this view as well with a "big red X".

You can drag a box with the left mouse button to zoom in on a particular area in this view. Right clicking will zoom out. If you hold down the CTRL key when right-clicking will zoom out to the full extents. For those of you with wheel-mice, rolling the wheel forward zooms in and rolling it back zooms out. Moving the mouse near the edge of the Zoomed View displays a pan arrow. Clicking when this is visible will cause the view to pan in the direction of the arrow (hold down CTRL to increase the size of the pan). Pressing down the Shift button while moving the mouse will disable this functionality and allow you to click all the way to the edge of

the Zoomed View.

To select a location for control point entry, position the crosshair over the pixel of interest, then press and release the left mouse button. This will cause the pixel coordinates of the point to be entered in the Ground Control Point (GCP) Entry portion of the dialog (described below). In addition, a small red dot will be placed at the click location to make it easy to see. If you also hold down the CTRL key when clicking the left mouse button, the Reference Image view will be recentered on the associated point and the reference coordinates wil automatically be filled in if there have been enough control points entered to convert the coordinates. If you hold down the SHIFT key when left-clicking, the current control point will automatically be added to the GCP list, just as if you had pressed the Add GCP to List button.

Reference Images

The Reference Images portion of the Image Rectifier dialog allows the user to view what is currently loaded in the main Global Mapper view and to enter ground coordinates by left-clicking on an appropriate place on the view. This can be very useful for doing things such as rectifying a satellite photo by clicking on the Zoomed View at a road intersection to select the pixel coordinates, then clicking on the intersection of those roads on a vector file loaded into the main view. By default when you click near a vector feature in the

Zoomed View, the location will snap to that vector feature. You can disable this behavior by holding down the ALT key when clicking. If you hold down the SHIFT key when clicking, the clicked coordinates will be rounded to the nearest 30 seconds for arc degree units and the nearest 1000 ground units for other coordinate units. Holding down the CTRL key when clicking the left mouse button will cause the Zoomed Image view will be recentered on the associated point and also fill in the pixel X and Y coordinatess automatically if there have been enough control points entered to convert the coordinates.

You can also zoom and pan the Reference Images view in a manner identical to the Zoomed Images view.

Ground Control Point (GCP) Entry

This portion of the dialog is where you actually enter the ground control points (GCPs) that define where the image is on the earth. Typically, you will click a position in the zoomed view to fill in the pixel coordinates, then manually enter the ground coordinates into the X/Easting/Lon and Y/Northing/Lat data fields or else select a point from the Reference Image view for the ground coordinates.

IMPORTANT: If you manually enter the ground coordinates, you must enter them in the coordinate system indicated by the Ground Control Point Projection portion of the dialog, otherwise you will get incorrect results. The one exception is that if you enter a value that looks like a lat/lon coordinates but a projected system is selected, you will be prompted to select whether or not the entered coordinates are lat/lon coordinates or coordinates in the selected projection system.

Once the coordinates are entered, press the Add GCP to List button to add the GCP to the list of GCPs to be used when rectifying the image. The Update Selected GCP button allows you to update the coordinates associated with a previously entered GCP. You can also use Alt+R to simulate pressing the Update Selected GCP button.

Ground Control Point (GCP) Projection

This portion of the dialog allows you to select the projection that ground coordinates are entered in as well as what projection the image will be natively treated as when rectified (it can be reprojected later using the normal Global Mapper reprojection mechanisms). See the IMPORTANT note above for more details.

When rectifying new imagery, you can control the default projection used by creating a default_rectification.prj file in your Global Mapper installation folder. If present, the default rectification projection selected when you open the rectification dialog will be whatever projection is specified in that PRJ file.

Ground Control Points List

This section of the dialog contains a list of all of the entered GCPs, including their name, pixel coordinates, ground coordinates, and the estimated error (in pixels) at each GCP based on the current rectification method.

Each GCP has a checkbox next to indicating whether or not that GCP is used for the rectification. This provided you an easy way to remove GCPs from a rectification to see how they affect it.

Double-clicking an item in this list will cause the Zoomed View to recenter on the GCP and will fill in the Ground Control Point Entry section with the pixel and ground coordinates of the selected GCP, allowing for easy updating of GCP locations.

You can move the selection in the GCP list up and down using the Alt+Q and Alt+Z hot keys. These can help facilitate quickly entering lots of GCPs without having to use the mouse.

If you simply want to shift an image, all that you need to do is press the Shift All button and specify the adjustment to apply to each entered GCP.

Completing the Rectification Process

Once you have entered all of your ground control points (GCPs), press the OK button to complete the image rectification. Depending on how you entered the dialog, the rectified image will now be in the view, will be saved to a new rectified file, or you will start the rectification of the next selected image.

If you are repositioning a loaded file, you can press the Apply button to re-rectify the file with the updated

GCPs and see the results of your modifications.

4 LOADING FILES

Choose [Open as New] icon from the Toolbar. An open window will appear. This window can be set to display only files of selected types with the "Files of Type:" subwindow.

There is support for opening USGS DLG-O, DEM, and several other file types directly from gzipped archives. In addition, SDTS DLG, SDTS DEM, and most other file types can be opened directly from .tar.gz,

.tgz, and .zip archive files. This means that you no longer need to extract all of those SDTS files to their own directory before opening them. Global Mapper will do that automatically.

Loading Multiple Files

Global Mapper will display multiple data sets in correct geospatial positions; that is, adjacent data sets can be mosaicked, and vector data can be displayed on top of raster and elevation data.

Choose [Open Data Files] icon from the Toolbar and select files. The registered version Global Mapper has no limit on the number of overlays that can be viewed simultaneously. A maximum of four files of any type may be viewed simultaneously in the unregistered version of Global Mapper.

You can also load all of the files under a directory and all subdirectories under that directory that match a specified filename mask. You can do this using the [Open All Files in a Directory Tree] File menu command.

Projections and Datums

The Global Mapper display space adopts the coordinate system of the first data set opened. Subsequent data sets will be transformed to the coordinate system of the first data set loaded or the display projection subsequently selected from the configuration dialog.

This is a very powerful feature; it makes differences in projections and datums transparent to the user. This also means that the order in which data sets are loaded can have a significant impact on the appearance of the display. This is the most obvious when working with data sets of widely varying scales.

SPATIAL DATABASE SUPPORT

Global Mapper can import vector data from and export vector data to the following spatial databases:

• Esri ArcSDE Geodatabase

• Esri File Geodatabase

• Esri Personal Geodatabases

• MySQL Spatial

• Oracle Spatial

• PostGIS/PostgreSQL

• Spatialite/SQLite

Global Mapper can import raster data from and export raster data to the following spatial databases:

• Esri ArcSDE Geodatabase

• Esri File Geodatabase

• Esri Personal Geodatabases

NOTE: In order to import data from an Esri ArcSDE geodatabase or export data to any Esri geodatabase, you must have installed and licensed a copy of Esri ArcGIS 9.3.1 or higher. Support for Esri Geodatabases is only available in the 32-bit version of Global Mapper. You can install the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Global Mapper side-by-side, and they can share a license.

Loading Data from a Spatial Database

There are two ways to load data from a spatial database:

1. Specify the connection parameters for the spatial database connection. This applies to all of the enterprise databases: ArcSDE, MySQL, Oracle, and PostGIS. Use the Connection Manager to define spatial database connections. You can access this functionality by choosing Open Spatial Database... from the File menu.

2. Specify the file that contains a Spatialite database (*.sqlite), an Esri file (gdb) or personal geodatabase (*.mdb), or an Esri ArcSDE geodatabase connection definition (*.sde). Use Esri ArcCatalog or ArcMap to create an ArcSDE geodatabase connection file. Choose Open Data File(s) from the File menu to perform this task.

The Open Spatial Database dialog allows the user to select the connection parameters that will be used to open an enterprise spatial database.

If the spatial database being opened contains vector data, the Spatial Database Import Options dialog will contain the Import Bounds tab. This tab allows the user to select a subset of the input data based on a bounding box. All geometries that intersect the bounding box will be imported into Global Mapper. This functionality applies only to vector data in a spatial database.

You can specify the bounding box in the following ways:

• Choose Load All Data to load all of the data in the selected database tables into Global Mapper.

• Choose Use Current Screen Bounds to use the current Global Mapper screen bounds as the to define

the input bounds. If there is no data loaded into the viewer, then this option will not be available. If

there is data loaded in Global Mapper, but the full extent of the data is on the screen, then this option will no be available.

• Click the Draw a Box... button to draw the bounding box on the screen using your mouse. If there is

no data loaded into the viewer, then this option will not be available.

• Choose Lat/Lon (Degrees) to specify the northwest and southeast corners of the bounding box in

degrees of latitude and longitude.

• Choose Global Projection to specify the northwest and southeast corners of the bounding box in the

unit of the current global projection. If there is no data loaded into the viewer, or the viewer currently

has no projection defined, then this option will not be available.

• Choose Corner w/Size - Global Projection to specify the northwest corner, and the width and height

of the bounding box in the unit of the current global projection. If there is no data loaded into the

viewer, or the viewer currently has no projection defined, then this option will not be available.

• Click the Reset to Last Import Bounds button to retrieve the most recently defined bounding box in

the unit of the current global projection. If there is no data loaded into the viewer, or the viewer

currently has no projection defined, then this option will not be available.

Projections and Datums

The Global Mapper display space adopts the coordinate system of the first table opened (assuming that there

is currently no data loaded.) Subsequent data sets will be transformed to the coordinate system of the first data set loaded or the display projection subsequently selected from the configuration dialog.

Exporting Data to a Spatial Database

In order to export data to a spatial database, you need to specify the location of the spatial database and one or more table names in which the data will be stored. When writing to an Esri file geodatabase or personal geodatabase, you can create a new database file before writing the tables. If you are exporting data to any of the enterprise database types, you can only create tables in an existing database.

To export data to a spatial database, you start by choosing one of the following export options from the

File/Export menu:

• Export Elevation Spatial Database...

• Export Raster Spatial Database...

• Export Vector Spatial Database...

When the Select Export Format Dialog is displayed, there will be three choices:

• Esri File Geodatabase Table

• Esri Personal Geodatabase Table

• Spatialite DB Table

• Spatial Database Table

Choose the option indicating your desired spatial database type, and press OK to continue.

If you choose Spatial Database from the list, Global Mapper will display the Open Spatial Database Dialog. Select the database connection that you want to use, and click OK to continue by specifying Spatial Database Export Options.

If you choose Spatialite DB Table, Esri File Geodatabase Table or Esri Personal Geodatabase Table, Global Mapper will display the Select Esri Geodatabase Dialog. The following sections describe that dialog and the required steps to export a table.

Selecting a Spatialite database, Esri File Geodatabase, or Personal Geodatabase for Export

Use the Select Database Dialog to choose a Spatialite database, Esri file geodatabase or personal geodatabase where you want your exported data to be stored. You can also create a new database, if necessary.

You can enter the full path to a Spatialite, file geodatabase or personal geodatabase in the Database field, or click the Browse... button to select an existing database from the file system. If you are selecting a Spatialite database or a personal geodatabase, then Global Mapper will display the standard Open File dialog. Spatialite database files have an extension of .sqlite, and personal geodatabase files have an extension of

.mdb. If you are selecting a file geodatabase, Global Mapper will display a Folder Selection dialog. Folder names that end in .gdb contain file geodatabases.

If you want to create a new database, click the Create New Database... button. Global Mapper will display the Create Database Dialog. Once you have created a new database, the full path will be in the Database field.

Once you have selected a database, click the OK button to continue by specifying Spatial Database Export

Options.

The Cancel button quits the process of exporting data to a spatial database. The Help button displays the Global Mapper help for this dialog.

Creating a Spatialite Database, Esri File Geodatabase or Personal Geodatabase for Export

Use the Create Database Dialog to specify the location and name for a new Spatialite database, Esri file geodatabase or personal geodatabase.

Type the full path of the folder where the new database will be located in the Location field, or use the

Browse... button to choose a folder from the file system.

Type the database name in the Name field. You do not need to add a file extension -- one will be created automatically based on the kind of database being created.

Once you have entered both the location and database name, click the OK button to create the database. The Cancel button quits the process of exporting data to a spatial database.

The Help button displays the Global Mapper help for this dialog.

The Help button displays the Global Mapper help for this dialog. Spatial Database Connection Manager

The Spatial Database Connection Manager allows you to create and save enterprise spatial database connection definitions. Once a connection has been defined, you can use it when importing and exporting spatial database tables. These connection definitions can be used with the following spatial database:

• Esri ArcSDE Geodatabase

• MySQL

• Oracle Spatial

• PostGIS

The Connections area contains a list of existing connections. To create a new connection, click the New... button. Global mapper will display the Define Spatial Database Connection Dialog, which can be used to specify the connection parameters for the new connection.

To update an existing connection definition, select it in the Connections list and click the Edit... button. Global mapper will display the Define Spatial Database Connection Dialog, which can be used to update the connection parameters for the selected connection.

To delete an existing connection, select it in the Connections list, and click the Delete button.

Click the Open Connection... button to open the currently selected connection and load data into Global

Mapper.

When you have made all of your changes to the spatial database connections, click the OK button to store the new definitions.

The Cancel button quits the process of changing spatial database connection definitions. The Help button displays the Global Mapper help for this dialog.

Define Spatial Database Connection

Use the Spatial Database Connection Dialog to create or modify the parameters that define an enterprise database connection.

Choose the option from the Spatial Database Type drop-down list that corresponds to the spatial database you are using.

Type a unique Connection Name to identify this connection. The name you use here will be listed in the connection list on the Open Spatial Database Dialog.

The Database Information section specifies the location of your database on the network. Fields that are not needed for a particular database vendor will be greyed out and disabled.

• In the Server field, type the name of the network server where the database is located.

• Specify the required server port in the Port field. In an Esri ArcSDE geodatabase connection, this is

also known as the Service parameter.

• Enter the database name in the Database Name field. Note that the database name is optional when

defining an Esri ArcSDE geodatabase connection. Whether or not it is needed is specific to your

particular installation.

Use the Authentication section to specify the user and password required to log on to the spatial database.

• Type a valid User Name.

• Type a valid Password

• Put a check next to Save User Name and Password with Database Information if you want to save the

authentication information along with the connection definition. The password will be encrypted.

Click the Test Connection button to determine whether or no the connection parameters can be used to connect to the spatial database.

Once you have entered all of the required information, click the OK button to save the connection definition. The Cancel button quits the process of creating or updating a connection definition.

The Help button displays the Global Mapper help for this dialog.

The Grid Display options allow for the control of whether or not grid lines are displayed, and if so, what projection they will be in. The No Grid option is the default and causes no grid lines to be displayed or exported. The Lat/Lon Grid options causes a grid to be displayed along even latitude and longitude lines. The Global Projection Grid option causes a grid to be displayed in the currently selected global (i.e. display) projection, which can be modified on the Projection tab.

The Grid Spacing section allows you to specify whether to allow Global Mapper to automatically determine a good grid spacing to use or to specify a custom grid spacing.

If the Show All Grid Lines Regardless of Zoom Scale option is checked, all grid lines will always be shown rather than the default behavior of only major grid lines being displayed when zoomed way out and the more minor grid lines only showing up as you zoom in.

If the Extend Grid Lines Beyond Loaded Data Bounds option is checked, the generated grid lines will extend a little bit beyond the bounds of the loaded data. Otherwise, the grid lines will stop at the edge of the smallest bounding box encompassing all loaded data files.

If grid lines are being displayed, the grid lines can also be exported to any of the supported vector export formats. The color and style of the grid lines can be modified on the Line Styles tab by modifying the styles

for the "Grid Line", "Grid Line - Minor", and "Grid Line - Major" line types. You can also selectively turn off the display of any or all of the grid line types using the Filter options described above.

The Distance Scale Display options allow for the control of whether or not a distance scale is displayed on the main map when data is loaded. The Distance Measure Units selection below it then controls the units that are displayed on the scale bar.

The Elevation Legend Display Units options allow for the control of whether or not an elevation legend is displayed on the main map when elevation grid data is loaded and what units the elevation legend will be in if it is displayed. The No Legend option causes no elevation legend to be displayed. The Metric (meters) option causes an elevation legend to be displayed with various elevation values labeled in meters. The Statute (feet) option causes an elevation legend to be displayed with various elevation values labeled in feet. If the elevation legend is displayed in the main map view, you can right click on it to control various options and also save it

to a BMP file.

The Position Display Format setting controls the format of the cursor latitude/longitude position display in the status bar.

The Area Measure Units setting controls what units that area measurements will be displayed in the Measure

Tool and when creating new features with the Digitizer Tool.

The Distance Measure Units setting controls what units that distance measurements will be displayed in the

Measure Tool and when creating new features with the Digitizer Tool as well on on the Distance Scale bar.

The Miscellaneous Advanced Options section contains options for advanced users. The following options are available:

• Prefer World File (TFW) Coordinate for GeoTIFF Files - if checked, this option specifies that for

GeoTIFF files that also have accompanying TFW files, the coordinates from the TFW file will be

used rather than the coordinates embedded in the GeoTIFF file.

• Maintain Export Bounds Instead of Sample Spacing - if checked, this option specifies that when

exporting a raster/elevation format and the bounding box for the export is not an exact multiple of the

specified sample spacing for the export, the sample spacing will be adjusted to be slightly smaller rather than the default of adjusting the export bounds up to the next sample spacing boundary.

• Automatically Anti-Alias Raster Layers When Loaded - if checked, this option specifies that raster

imagery/scanned map layers will have bilinear resampling enabled automatically when loaded to

smooth appearance. If not checked then the default nearest neighbor (i.e. no resampling) option will be used.

• Don't Automatically Interpolate Terrain Layers on Load - if checked, this option specifies that

gridded elevation layers will not have the default bilinear resampling enabled automatically when

loaded to smooth appearance but instead will use the nearest neighbor (i.e. no resampling) option.

• Use Current Screen Bounds by Default when Exporting - if checked, this option specifies that the

default choice on the Export Bounds tab when exporting should be to use the current screen bounds

rather than exporting all loaded data.

• Default Contrast Adjustment to Linear Min/Max Stretch - if checked, this option specified that

layers that come in with automatic contrast adjustment enabled by default (primarily imagery with

more than 8 bits per color channel) will defualt to using the linear min/max strecth contrast adjustment mode rather than the standard deviation adjustment.

• Never Automatically Contrast Adjust Images on Load - if checked, this option disables the

automatic contrast adjustment of imagery with more than 8 bits per color channel on import.

• Minimize Main Window During Exports - if checked, this option causes the main map window to

automatically be minimized during most export operations.

• Terrain Export: Specify Bounds as Pixel is Area - if checked, this option specifies the the bounding

box that you provide when exporting to new terrain/ gridded elevation formats will be specifed as

"pixel is area" (i.e. via coordinates of the edges of the grid cells) rather than the default of "pixel is point" (i.e. coordinates refer to center of outer grid cells rather than outer edges of cells).

• BIL Format: Ask if 16-bit Files are Imagery - if checked, this option will cause the user to be

prompted to choose whether 16-bit BIL files that are encountered are elevation or imagery files. If not

checked, any 16-bit BIL files will be assumed to be elevation files.

• DGN: Import Cells as Point Features - if checked, this option causes cell features in DGN v8 and

later files that have an associated point location to just be loaded as a single point feature rather than

the collection of features specified by the cell.

• DGN: Add DGN Color Number to Feature Description - if checked, this option causes the DGN

color number for each feature to be appended to the feature description/level number.

• DXF/DWG: Import INSERT entities as point features - if checked, this option specifies that the

content of INSERT entities (i.e. blocks) in DXF and DWG files should be loaded as a single point

feature at the location of the INSERT.

• DXF/DWG: Create New Types from Layers - if checked, this option will cause new Global

Mapper types to automatically be created for every DXF/DWG layer name encountered for which a

Global Mapper type does not already exist.

• Show Pixel Location in Status Bar - if checked, this option causes the native pixel location of the

topmost raster or gridded elevation file to be displayed in the status bar as you move the cursor around

in addition to the color and/or elevation data.

• Use DOS Character Set for Default Label Fonts - if checked, this option specifies that default

display label fonts should use the OEM character set (code page 437) rather than the ANSI character

set (code page 1252). This option can be helpful if you are having problem with accented characters not displaying correctly from some data sets (those data sets encoded in code page 437 rather than

1252).

• Use Path to First Loaded File as Default Export Path - if checked, this option specifies that when

exporting a new file, the default export path will be the path of the first loaded file during this session

rather than the path to the last exported file in any session.

• Use CR/LF in World Files (TFW) Instead of LF - if checked, this specifies that lines in generated

world files will be terminated using a carriage return (CR) and linefeed (LF) character as is customary

on Windows systems rather than just a LF character. Use this if your world files are not being recognized by your Windows-based applications.

• Automatically Create Backup Copies of Workspace Files - if checked, this option will cause your

current workspace file to automatically be backed up every so often (i.e. after so many vector edits,

etc.). These backup copies will be created in the same folder as the workspace file and have the suffix

"auto_backupX", where X is a number from 0 to 9.

• Lock Active Workspace File to Prevent Sharing - if checked, this option prevents other users from

opening and using the same workspace file that you are using while you have it open. This is useful in

network environments where you don't want one person's work to accidentally overwrite anothers. If you try to open a locked workspace, it will automatically be opened in read-only mode, which will prevent you from overwriting the original workspace file when saving.

• Don't Center on Cursor when Zooming with Mouse Wheel - when this option is unchecked (or

when holding down Ctrl) and you rotate the mouse wheel over the map, the map will zoom in and out

and maintain the location under your cursor at the same location rather than just zooming in and out on the current screen center.

• Swap Zoom Direction Using Mouse Wheel or Hot Keys - when this option is selected the direction

of zoom when scrolling the mouse wheel or using the Page Up/Down keys will be reversed.

• Export: Snap Export Bounds to Pixel Boundary if Possible - when this option is checked the

bounding box for an export will be adjusted so that the top left corner of the bounding aligns with the

top left corner of a pixel in the imagery being exported. This is useful to eliminate any visual sub-pixel shift due to mis-alignment of the export bounds and the pixels in the input imagery.

• Export: Keep Pixel if any Part is Inside Crop Area - when this option is checked and you are

cropping a raster/elevation export to a selected area feature, an exported pixel/cell will be kept if any

corner of that cell is within the crop area rather than the default requirement of the center of the cell being in the crop area.

• Disable Display of Pan Arrows on Map Edge - when this option is checked, the arrow cursor that

displays near map edges when most tools are active to allow easy panning are disabled, thus allowing

use of the active tool all the way to the edge of the map display.

• Always Display Lat/Lon in Status Bar in WGS84 - when this option is checked the lat/lon location

displayed on the right side of the status bar will always be in the WGS84 datum rather than whatever

datum is selected on the Projection tab of the Configuration dialog.

• Disable Automatic Interpolation of Resampled Exports - if checked, exported raster layers will

only be interpolated if the anti-alias (interpolation) option for that layer is checked, rather than

interpolation occurring for any reprojected or resampled export.

• Disable Automatic Interpolation of Zoomed-Out Display - if checked, this option disables the

automatic interpolation/anti-aliasing done when zoomed way out on raster/imagery layers. This can

increase the drawing speed when zoomed out on data, at the expense of a worse display for most maps.

• Auto-Fake Location of Unpositioned Rasters - if checked, this options causes the location of any

un-positioned raster files to automatically be faked to allow display. This means rather than being

prompted to rectify, fake the position, or cancel the load, the "fake position" option would just be chosen automatically.

• Export Old Format PRJ Files - if checked, this option specifies that the old, mostly unsupported,

ESRI PRJ format be used when PRJ files are saved rather than the default new WKT projection

format that is used by default.

• Include Datum Transformations in PRJ Files - if checked, this option will cause any generated

WKT PRJ files that use a datum based on a 3-parameter Molodensky or 7-parameter Bursa Wolfe

transformation to include that transformation as a TOWGS84 field in the PRJ file. Note that some products (i.e. ESRI ones) won't accept a PRJ file with the TOWGS84 field, which is why it isn't always included.

loaded raster or elevation data, regardless of how the vector layers are ordered in the Overlay Control Center. All area features from all layers will be drawn first, followed by all line features from all layers, and finally all point features from all layers. Within each grouping (e.g. areas, lines, or points), the drawing order will be determined first by type, and then by layer ordering.

The second draw order option (order first by layer, then by type within a layer) specifies that the order of the vector layers in the Overlay Control Center should take precedence over all else when drawing. This means that if a vector layer is before a raster layer in the Overlay Control Center's draw order, that vector layer will draw underneath that raster layer if they overlap.

The Set Default Font Face option allow you to choose what font face should be used for all feature label displays where the font has not been explicitly set to something else for the feature.

The Set Default Font Character Set option allow you to choose what character set should be used for fonts that are still set to the default for their type. Change this to allow default display of non-European character sets, like Cyrillic (Russian) or Japanese.

The Render Area and Line Vertices option specifies whether each vertex along area and line features should be displayed with a large dot.

The Always Render Vertices for Selected Features option specifies whether each vertex along area and line features selected with the Digitizer/Edit Tool should be displayed with a large dot. Use this option rather than the Render Area and Line Vertices option above to only display vertices for features that you are actively editing in order to prevent excessive clutter on the map.

The Render Dots at Line Endpoints option specifies whether or not the start and end vertices of line features will be displayed with a large dot. You can use this instead of the Render Area and Line Vertices option if you just want to see line endpoints rather than all shape points.

The Render Deleted Features option specifies whether or not features that have been deleted by the user should be displayed.

The Draw Feature Labels option specifies turns labeling of features on or off globally. For more fine-grained control over which types are labeled, check the Area Styles, Line Styles, or Point Styles tab.

The Always Display All Labels option specifies whether or not feature labels should be allowed to overlap when drawing them on the screen. When this option is not checked (this is the default), labels that collide with other labels on the screen will be discarded until you zoom far enough in on the feature so that they can be displayed without overlapping any other labels.

The Render Segment Lengths on Map option specifies that when you zoom in on line features that the length of each segment should be displayed on the map along the segment.

The Render Segment Bearings on Map option specifies that when you zoom in on line features that the bearing of each segment should be displayed on the map along the segment.

The Render Line Direction Arrow option specifies whether or not a small arrow should be drawn on each line feature indicating in which direction the line vertices go. The arrow will point along the line towards the last vertex in the line.

The Hide Extra Label Text Displayed Under Road Icons option allows you to control whether or not any extra text displayed below road icons, like alternate names for the road, are displayed.

The Only Highlight Border of Selected Area Features option allows you to change the rendering style for area features selected with the Feature Info or Digitizer Tools so that only the border of the area is highlighted and the center is left unfilled.

The Mark Sides of Road with Addressing Information option allows you to have the sides of roads with recognized address numbering information to be marked with a series of parallel lines extending from the road on the side(s) with known address information. This provides a visual way to see where addressing

information is available.

The Hide Display Labels that are Partially Offscreen option allows you to hide any feature labels that don't entirely fit on the screen. This can be useful when exporting vector data to a raster format and also gridding the export into multiple pieces. This option should allow a seamless result in that case.

The Add MODIFIED_DATE to Modified Vector Features option controls whether or not a

MODIFIED_DATE attribute is automatically added to vector features when they are changed in some way.

The Iconize Road Names on Import (Some Formats) option controls whether or not the specified name for road line types is checked on import to see if it should result in an iconized road name display (such as for interstates and major highways). This is only done for formats which do not already have their own built-in iconization (such as Tiger/Line and USGS DLG files). For example, this will work for formats like Shapefiles and MapInfo MIF/MID files (among others).

The Fix Line Label Position on Longest Segment option controls whether or not the label displayed for line features should move around to always be centered on the longest on-screen segment (the default unchecked behavior) or should remain fixed on the center of the longest segment of the line, regardless of whether it is

on-screen or not. Checking this can prevent your line labels from jumping around as you zoom in and out, but can result in a lot of unlabeled lines if you zoom in too far.

The Only Snap to Area and Line Vertices by Default option controls whether or not the snapping behavior of the Digitizer Tool will snap to anywhere on existing area and line vertices (the default unchecked behavior) or will only snap to vertices on area and line features. Holding down the 'V' key when drawing will toggle this behavior.

The Only Display Area Labels when Completely Inside Area option allows you to easily disable the display of any area label when that label is not completely contained within the area feature that it is labeling. This is useful to keep area labels from displaying until you are zoomed in far enough on the area for a label to be appropriate.

The Don't Add Measure Attributes to New Features option allows you to disable the automatic adding of measure attributes, like LENGTH, PERIMETER, ENCLOSED_AREA, etc. to new area and line features created with the Digitizer Tool.

The Make Duplicate Vertex Turn Off Area Border Segment allows you to use duplicate area vertices to turn segments of the area border on and off. This is known as Pen Up/Pen Down display. How it works is that the border pen is on (down) at the start of the border. Whenver a duplicate vertex is encountered, then pen it turned off for the next segment. So if for example you had vertex 1, then a duplicate vertex 2 and 3, then

non-duplicate vertices 4 and 5, you would get a border drawn from vertex 1 to vertex 2, then it would turn off for 3-4, then be drawn again for 4 onto the end.

The Disable Snapping to Features in the Digitizer Tool option allows you to disable automatic snapping to nearby features when drawing in the Digitizer Tool. If you check this option then snapping will be disabled by default and holding down the ALT key can be used to enable snapping (the default behavior is the reverse).

The Snap to Grid Lines if Displayed option allows you to disable automatic snapping to nearby grid lines features when drawing in the Digitizer Tool. If you check this option then snapping to grid lines will be disabled.

Area Styles

REFERENCE GUIDE ALERT!

Built-In Area Types and Styles - A graphical reference guide to the area types and border/fill styles built-in to

Global Mapper.

The Area Styles panel (pictured below) allows the user to configure how areas of a given type will be displayed in Global Mapper. The area fill and border style and color can be modified on a type-by-type basis. You can also use the Add Custom Fill Pattern option to provide your own image to use as a fill pattern. For transparent or translucent patterns, use a transparent PNG format image file when creating the custom fill pattern.

With the Transparency slider users can make solid filled areas partially see-through (translucent) in order to see data underneath the area. In addition, the Show Labels for Areas of This Type When Present option allows users to turn area labels off on a type-by-type basis.

The New Type button allows the user to create a new area feature type and specify how it should be displayed. The Edit Type button allows the user to edit area types that were previously created with the New Type button, and the Delete Type button allows the user to remove area types that were previously created with the New Type button. With the Attributes button you can specify a set of default attributes and values to use for new features of this type created using the Digitizer Tool.

If you right click on the list of types, a menu will appear allowing you to save and restore your style settings using a style file. This provides an easy way to setup a set of styles to use, then restore them at a later date for use with a particular set of data.

The Point Styles panel (pictured below) allows the user to configure what symbol will be used to display points of a given type and at what angle, if any, to rotate the symbol when displaying it on the map. Symbols can be rotated relative to either the map display (where 0 degrees is always straight up) or relative to true north, where 0 degrees always points directly to the North Pole. Rotated symbols are good for use in geology maps and for adding things like north arrows to your maps.

You can also press the Scale button to scale a point symbol to make it larger or smaller. For example, to double the size of a symbol use a scale of 2.0, whereas to make a symbol half its original size, use a scale of

0.5. You can also specify a symbol size in meters. This will automatically scale the point so that it is always the specified number of meters tall on the map regardless of zoom level.

The symbol selection list also includes several option at the top of the list to select symbols of common shapes, like dots, squares, diamonds, etc. with a user-specified size and color.

In addition, the Show Labels for Points of This Type When Present option allows user to turn point labels off on a type-by-type basis. The Custom Symbols section allows users to create new symbols from their own bitmap and icon files which they can then use as the symbol to display for a given type.

The New Type button allows the user to create a new point feature type and specify how it should be displayed. The Edit Type button allows the user to edit point types that were previously created with the New Type button, and the Delete Type button allows the user to remove point types that were previously created with the New Type button. With the Attributes button you can specify a set of default attributes and values to use for new features of this type created using the Digitizer Tool.

The Custom Symbols section allows you to add new point symbols that will be available for display from your own files. This includes support for transparent symbols from PNG, ICO, GIF, and 32-bit alpha BMP files, as well as symbols from JPG images. You can also add vector symbols from EMF, DXF and GM_SYM (Global Mapper Symbol) files. GM_SYM files are simply ASCII text files that the File->Open Generic ASCII Data File menu command couuld load, with 0,0 being the center of the symbol and the coordinates specified as pixels, with X increasing to the right and Y increasing to the top of the symbol. Vector symbols will scale much more cleanly than symbols based on images.

than the absolute elevation. This shader allows you to easily identify things like the portions of the terrain that face south, or any other direction. The colors to use for each direction are user configurable on the Shader Options panel.

• If any custom shaders have been created, they will be available as well.

Use the Enable Hill Shading option to view elevation data as shaded relief. With this option off, the map appears flat, with elevations distinguished by color only. With it on, shadows are generated using the loaded elevation data along with the remaining settings on this panel.

The Elevation Display Units option allows you to modify the units that elevations will be displayed in on the status bar as you move the cursor over loaded elevation data.

The Lighting Direction options set the position of the light source (the "sun") for performing hill shading. Note that cartographic azimuth and altitude are used. This means that 0 azimuth means the sun is to the north,

90 azimuth means the sun is to the east, and so on. An altitude of 90 means that the sun is directly overhead, while an altitude of 0 means the sun is on the horizon.

Use the Ambient Lighting to brighten up dark looking data sets or dim bright looking data sets. The Vertical Exaggeration setting is used to control the exaggeration of relief features.

The Hill Shading Shadow Darkness setting is used to control how dark that hill shading is allowed to make shaded areas. By default, the value of 0 allows shaded areas to go all the way to black. By moving this slider to the right you can cause shadowing to be capped in high relief areas, thus allowing the use of other controls to better bring out detail in low-relief areas.

The Hill Shading Highlight from Direct Light setting is used to display a whitened highlight area in terrain areas that are getting direct sunlight based on the lighting angle selected. The slider controls the amount of whitening highlight applied to those direct sunlight areas.

To enable the display of water on elevation data sets, check the Show Water On Elevation Data option.

The Water Transparency controls the clarity of displayed water if configured to display water. Clearer water shows more underlying relief to show through, while opaque water allows none.

The Water Level setting controls the level at which water is displayed. The default is set at an elevation of 0 meters above sea level. Use this to simulate different flood and sea level change scenarios.

The Water Color options allows you to set the color of the water. The default is blue. Shader Options

The Shader Options panel (pictured below) controls options for the display of elevation data using the

daylight, gradient, slope, and HSV shaders (described above).

• Smooth Gradient: Specifies that all portions of the terrain with a slope between the Minimum Slope

Value and the Maximum Slope Value will be colored with a smooth gradient of colors that vary with

the slope from the Minimum Slope Color to the Maximum Slope Color.

• Custom Color: Specifies that all portions of the terrain with a slope between the Minimum Slope

Value and the Maximum Slope Value will be colored with a single color that can be modified with the

Select... button.

Slope Direction Shader

• East Color: Allows the user to set the color to use for slopes facing directly East.

• North Color: Allows the user to set the color to use for slopes facing directly North.

• South Color: Allows the user to set the color to use for slopes facing directly South.

• West Color: Allows the user to set the color to use for slopes facing directly West.

• Angle Offset: Allows the user to specify an angle offset in degrees to add to the calculated slope

direction in order to shade against slope directions other than cardinal directions.

HSV Shader

• Low Color Start (Advanced): Sets where in the HSV color range the lowest elevation will be.

• Value (Advanced): Modifies the HSV value parameter.

• Saturation (Advanced): Modifies the HSV saturation parameter.

• Range: Modifies how much of the full HSV range is to be used. Increasing this value leads to color

wraparound.

Custom Shaders

The Custom Shaders section allows the user to manage any custom shaders that they may have. Custom shaders allow the user to control exactly how elevation data is rendered so that the desired result can be obtained.

Pressing the New... button displays the Custom Shader dialog (pictured below) which allows the user to create a new custom shader. Pressing the Edit button display the same dialog, allowing the user to edit the currently selected custom shader. The Delete button removes the currently selected custom shader.

The Custom Shader dialog allows the user to specify how they want elevation data to be rendered. The Name field provides a place to enter the name to associate with the shader to allow the user to select it. The Elevation Colors section display the elevations and their color values associated with the custom shader. Pressing the Change Color and Change Elevation buttons allow the user to change the values associated with the current elevation selected in the Elevation Colors list. The Delete Elevation button allows the user to

delete the currently selected elevation. New elevations can be added by entering the elevation (in the currently selected units) and pressing the Add button.

The Evenly Space Elevations Starting at Arbitrary Base Elevation button will allow you to quickly populate the list of elevation values with a series of evenly spaced values starting at some specified elevation. You can then assign the colors as desired after that. For example, you could use this to quickly populate the list with all elevations from 0 meters to 5000 meters with an elevation every 500 meters, then modify those as desired.

The Initialize from Other Shader button will allow you to initialize the list of color/elevation pairs to those used by either the Global Shader built into Global Mapper or another user-created custom shader. This allows users to easily create a slightly modified version of an existing shader if they'd like.

The Initialize from Palette File button allows you to initialize the list of color/elevation pairs from a color palette file in any recognized format (like a comma-delimited file of R,G,B components on each line). Since palette files don't contain elevation values, the elevations will be incremented by one for each color and set to automatically scale the colors between loaded elevation values.

The Initialize from Surfer CLR File button allows you to initialize the list of color/elevation pairs with a a CLR file created by the Surfer application by Golden Software. You can use the Save to Surfer CLR File button to save your custom shader to a CLR file. This is useful for making copies of a custom shader and

OVERLAY CONTROL CENTER

This section describes the Overlay Control Center dialog (pictured below). This dialog serves as the central control center handling all currently loaded data sets (overlays).

Currently Opened Overlays

This is a list of the all currently opened overlays. You can select an overlay by clicking on its name. Multiple overlays can be selected using the shift and control keys while clicking on overlays in the list. If the overlay is currently hidden, it is indicated to the left of the overlay description. Double-clicking on a layer automatically brings up its Options dialog. If you hold down the 'M' key while double-clicking the Metadata dialog for the layer will be displayed instead.

You can right click on the list of currently opened overlays to display a list of options available to perform on the selected overlays. Examples of available options include the following:

• Create Elevation Grid from 3D Vector Data - This allows you to create an elevation grid from part or

all of any vector features in the selected overlays that contain elevation data.

• Modify Image Position - This allows you to reposition imagery and vector data that was not correctly

positioned when loaded, including imagery that was manually rectified. See the option below if you

just want to shift an entire layer by some distance.

• Setup What Zoom Levels to Display Selected Layer(s) At - This option allows you to control what

zoom levels/scales that the selected layer(s) will display at. You can choose to have layers only

display below a certain zoom scale or between scales, or when the map is a certain percentage of the map display size or the map resolution reaches a certain level. If you choose to show when the map covers a certain percentage, if the upper range is 0 the map will always show above the bottom range. Otherwise it will show between the specified ranges.

• Shift Selected Layer(s) a Fixed Distance or Transform Coordinates - This option provides a quick

way to shift any layer some fixed distance in any direction or to shift layers based on a transformation

described in a control point file or via a transformation dialog. When selected a dialog is presented allowing you to select the type of transformation to perform. The following options are available:

♦ Shift Layers a Fixed Distance - presents a dialog allowing you to specify the distance to shift

the selected layers in the X and Y direction or some distance along a particular bearing.

♦ Transform Coordinates Based on File - you will be prompted to select a control point file

describing a transformation from the current coordinate system of the file to some new

coordinate locations. The file should be a simple comma-delimited text file with each line describing a transformation as follows: current_x,current_y,new_x,new_y. There must be at least 2 transformation lines specified.

♦ Specify Coordinate Transformation - allows you to specify a generic coordinate

transformation with an offset, scale, and rotation about some point. The information provided

should be in the same coordinate system (projection) as natively used by the layer(s) being transformed. You can save the coordinate transformation that you define to a .gm_xform file. If that file is saved alongside a vector file and has the same name (i.e. my_file.gm_xform in the same folder as my_file.dxf), then that transformation will automatically be loaded and applied to the coordinates in the file.

• Scale Layer Based on Actual Length of Selected Line - This option allows you to scale a selected

layer based on a user-specified length of a selected line feature in that layer. This is useful if you

know the actual length of a line feature in a vector layer and want to scale the layer so that the line length is correct without caring about where on the earth the layer is placed. The line that you know the length of should be selected with either the Feature Info or Digitizer Tool.

• Create Workspace File from Selected Layer(s) - This option allows you to generate a workspace just

containing the selected layer(s) and their display options. This workspace can later be loaded with the

File->Load Workspace menu command.

• Create Map Catalog from Selected Layer(s) - This option allows you to generate a map catalog file

containing the selected layer(s). This map catalog can later be loaded with the File->Open Data File

menu command.

• ROUGHNESS - Create Roughness Grid from Land Cover Layer - This option allows you to generate

a grid (and optionally areas) of roughness length values from a land cover layer. When you select this

option, the following dialog appears allowing you to setup the roughness calculation:

The roughness grid is useful for wind power applications and can be exported to a WindSim GWS file as a roughness layer or the roughness areas can be exported to a WaSP .map file. Several land cover data sets useful for roughness length calculation, like CORINE, NLCD, and VCF, have built-in roughness conversion tables available. Custom roughness tables can be defined in a roughness_tables.txt file in the settings file path listed on the Help->About dialog. A sample roughness_tables.txt file can be found here.

• Zoom to Selected Layer(s) - This causes the view to be zoomed such that the full extents of the

selected overlays are visible.

• Zoom to Full Detail For Layer - This causes the view to be zoomed such that a single sample/pixel in

the selected overlay will take up approximately one pixel on the screen.

• Set Group to Assign to Selected Layer(s) - This allows you to specify a group to assign the selected

layer(s) to. If layers are in a group, they will be organized under that group name in the Control

Center and you can easiliy collapse them into a single item in the list of layers and operate on all items in the group by selecting the parent group item.

• Create Area Features From Selected Layer Bounds - This causes new rectangular area features with

the name of the overlay as the display label to be created for each selected layer in the User-Created

Features Layer. This is useful for creating an image index as the filename of the layer will also be saved as an attribute of the area feature created from it.

• GRID - Create Point Features at Elevation Grid Cell Centers - This causes a new layer to be created

for each selected elevation grid layer with a spot elevation point feature at each grid cell center

location. This provides a handy way to edit elevation layers as you can edit the elevation attribute of the created points or remove bad points, then create a new elevation grid from the layer.

• CALC ATTR - Calculate/Copy Attribute Value - This allows you to create a new attribute value (or

update an existing one) by copying the value of some attribute, performing a mathematical operation

either between two attributes or an attribute and some number, or to append some text string to a value. The dialog below is displayed when you select this option to allow you to set it up:

• JOIN TABLE - Join Attribute Table to Data Set - This allows you to join a table of attribute values, either from a DBF file or from a text file, to the attribute table of a selected layer based on a common value of some attribute. You will be prompted to select the attribute from the attribute table file to join against a user-selected attribute from the selected layers. For text files, the first line must contain the attribute/column names. Whenever a match is found, the other attributes from the data table are added

to the matching record(s) in the file.

• DENSITY - Create Density Grid - This causes a new layer to be created by calculating density values

from the point features in the selected layer. You can setup the density grid to be based on a simple

point count or as a sum of the numeric values of some attribute value for the points within some search radius. The Density Grid Setup dialog (pictured below) appears when you select this option, allowing you to control the density grid calculation.

The Population Field option allows you to control whether a simple point count or attribute value is used to compute the density grid. The Search Radius option allows you to specify how far from a grid sample location a point can be and still be considered as part of the value. The Density Type option allows you to specify whether a weighted-distance Gaussian distribution is used (this gives much prettier results) or a simple in-or-out of radius calculation is used. The Shader option allows you to control which elevation shader is used to render the computed grid. You will often want to select a specific shader rather than using the default shared one as the data won't typically render well with other loaded grid layers.

• Create Area Features from Equal Values in Selected Layer - When a single raster or elevation grid

layer is selected (with the exception of online sources), this option appears and allows you to create

area features covering each distinct color or elevation value encountered in the raster file. This is useful for automatically creating areas for things like land cover raster files in a vector format.

• Find Extreme (Min/Max) Elevation Values in Selected Layer(s) - This scans the selected elevation

grid layers to find the minimum and maximum elevation values and reports both the values and their

locations to the user. The complete list (up to 10,000 shared location) will be saved to a file, and a shorter list presented to the user.

• Change View Shed Layer Color - This allows you to edit the color used to display the coverage area

for a selected view shed layer.

• Edit View Shed Parameters and Recalculate - This allows you to edit the calculation parameters for a

view shed layer and then update the results.

• Open Selected Map Folder in Windows Explorer - This causes the Windows Explorer application to

be opened to the folder containing the selected map file.

• Split Into Separate Layers Based on Description/Attribute Value - This option allows you to create

new layers by splitting the selected layer(s) into new layers based on a particular attribute value or by

the description, type, or name of each feature. The new layers will be grouped together using the name of the original layer unless the original layer was already in a group.

• Allow Feature Selection from Selected Layer(s) - This option controls whether or not vector features

from this layer can be selected using either the Feature Info or Digitizer Tools.

• Select All Features in Selected Layer(s) with Digitizer Tool - This option causes all features in the

selected layer(s) to be selected with the Digitizer Tool.

• Close All Hidden Layers - This option causes all layers that are currently marked as hidden (i.e. have

their display checkbox unchecked) to be closed.

• Hide All Offscreen Layers - This option causes all layers that are currently completely off of the main

map view to be marked as hidden (i.e. have their display checkbox unchecked).

• Remove All Onscreen Layers from Map Catalog - This option appears when you right-click on a map

catalog layer and allows you to remove all of the maps from the map catalog whose bounds intersect

the current screen bounds. If multiple maps are onscreen you will be presented with a list of those

applied for the area dwindling to zero as you reach the area edge. The curve value specifies the exponent to apply to the percent distance a sample location is between the area centroid and the area edge to adjust the height applied at that location. Values less than 1 will make the edge steepness progressively greater (i.e. flatter at the middle, then steep edges), while values larger than one cause the steepness to be near the area centroid and flatter towards the edges, while a value of 1 provides for a linear taper. For example if you want to simulate a sand bunker for a golf course, a value of around

0.5 provides a decent simulation of a bunker.

• Ignore Zero Elevations - If checked, this option will cause any features with an elevation value of zero

to be ignored. This is useful if you have a data set where features with no known elevation are marked

with an elevation of zero.

• Save Triangulated Network (TIN) as a Vector Layer - If checked, this option will cause a separate

vector layer with area features for each 3D triangle created as part of the triangulation and gridding

process. This is known as the TIN surface.

• Heights Relative to Ground - If you check this option, all elevation values from the selected vector

layers will be treated as relative to the height of any loaded underlying terrain surface (like a DEM).

This is very handy for doing things like creating building models where you just know the building height above ground and not above sea level.

• Fill Entire Bounding Box Instead of Just Inside Convex Hull - If you check this option, the generated

elevation grid will contain valid values filling the entire bounding box specified for the gridding

operation. Otherwise, the valid values will only fill out to the convex hull polygon of the data being gridded.

• Export Grids Directly to Global Mapper Grid Files - If checked, this option will cause the generated

elevation grid file(s) to be directly exported to Global Mapper Grid (GMG) files. This is useful when

you are triangulating and gridding a very large collection of data and also using the Gridding tab to split the operation into smaller pieces. By directly exporting the results to GMG files you can create elevation grids that normally would not all fit into memory.

Metadata

Pressing the Metadata... button displays metadata for the selected overlay. The actual metadata dialog displayed depends on the type of the selected overlay. The metadata dialog for a SDTS DLG is shown below.

Selecting the Options... button while a vector (i.e. SHP, DXF, E00, etc) overlay is selected displays the Vector

Options dialog (pictured below). Feature Types/Labels/Elevations Tab

The Feature Types/Labels/Elevations tab provides the ability to specify which attribute field(s) (if any) to display as the name of features loaded from the vector file. You can choose from the following options:

• Don't Use an Attribute Value for Name - this option specifies that the original or edited display

label associated with a feature should be used for display and not a label based on an attribute value or

custom string

• Use Selected Attribute Value for Name - specifies that the value of the selected attribute will be

used as the display label for the feature. If the feature already had a label and the Keep Original Label

if Non-Empty option is checked, the original label will be used rather than the attribute value.

• Use Multiple Attributes for Name - allows you to choose one or more attributes to combine to

create the display label, as well as provide custom prefix, suffix, and separator strings. If the feature

already had a label and the Keep Original Label if Non-Empty option is checked, the original label will be used rather than the attribute value.

features found in the selected layer(s) are displayed. The following style settings are available:

• Use Default Style Based on Classification or Custom Stlye - This option is the default and specifies

that features should be drawn and labeled using either the custom style applied to each feature, or the

default drawing style for the classification assigned to each feature. You are configure the default drawing style for any particular classification on the Area Styles tab of the Configuration dialog, the Line Styles tab of the Configuration dialog, or the Point Styles tab of the Configuration dialog.

• Use Same Style for All Features - This option specifies that all features in the selected layer(s) should

be drawn with the same drawing style, regardless of type or any custom style applied.

• Apply Styling Based on Attribute/Name Values - This option provides a way to base the drawing style

on the value of a particular attribute. This is a powerful feature allowing you to assign a style to a

particular value for a particular attribute. Any features whose value for the selected attribute/name matches the selected value will be assigned that style. If you have numeric values and the Interpolate Colors Between Numeric Values option is checked, any numeric values for the selected attribute/name that do not exactly match a value will find the two closest numeric values and interpolate the color values in between those numbers. Any features that do not have a matching attribute/name value will use the default style assignment for their type or the custom style if one has been set. You can also use wilcard (* and ?) characters in your attribute value to match on values matching some pattern. If you want to initialize the list of attribute values and styles from those attribute values found in the selected layer(s), press the Init from Values button. You can also right-click on an existing attribute/style pair

to get a menu of additional options, including one to clone that item into a new value using the same style.

• Assign Random Colors to Features - This option specifies that each feature shall be assigned a

random color, either from the full set of 24-bit colors, or from a collection of colors specified by the

user in a palette. You can use the Select Base Style button to assign the base style whose color will be randomly assigned. For areas, if the selected style uses no area fill, then the area border color will be varied rather than the fill color. For point features, you need to have a dot or custom shape (like dot, diamond, square, etc.) selected as the symbol for the color randomization to work properly.

Projection Tab

The Projection tab is used to reinterpret the raw vector data to a new projection. This is useful if the wrong projection was selected for the dataset when it was loaded, or if the data set itself indicated some incorrect data. This option is rarely used. You can however also use the Elevation Units control to specify what elevation units that values in the vector data that do not explicitly specify their units should use. This is useful to indicate if the values associated with 3D vector features or with the ELEVATION attribute for features are in feet or meters.

Raster Data Options

Selecting the Options... button while only raster overlays are selected displays the Raster Options dialog. The Raster Options dialog consists of several tabs, each allowing you to control various aspects of how the selected raster layers are displayed.

Display Tab

The Display tab (pictured below) contains controls allowing you to control the color intensity

(brightness/darkness), color transparency, blending, anti-aliasing, and texture mapping of the selected layers.

The Transparent option allows a particular color (or colors) to be displayed transparently, making it possible to see through a layer to the layers underneath. For example, when viewing a DRG on top of a DOQ, making the white in the DRG transparent makes it possible to see much of the DOQ underneath. Pressing the Set Transparent Color... button allows the user to select the color (or multiple colors for palette-based files) to treat as transparent in the selected overlay(s) as well as save the palette for palette-based files to a color palette (.pal) file. The slider below the transparency option contros how similar to the selected transparent color(s)

that a color in the image has to be before it is also treated as transparent. The Exact side means that only exact matches on color will be treated as transparent, whereas moving the slider towards the fuzzy side makes progressively less similar colors be treated as transparent. The checkbox that used to be on this dialog to control this corresponded to a value of 16. This is useful for getting rid of colors in lossy formats like JPG and ECW where the colors are not exact.

The Resampling option allows you to control how the color value for each displayed/export location is determined based on the values in the file. The following resampling methods are supported:

• Nearest Neighbor - simply uses the value of the sample/pixel that a sample location is in. When

resampling or reprojected an image this can result in a stair-step effect, but will maintain exactly the

original color values of the source image.

• Bilinear Interpolation - determines the value of a new pixel based on a weighted average of the 4

pixels in the nearest 2 x 2 neighborhood of the pixel in the original image. The averaging has an

anti-aliasing effect and therefore produces relatively smooth edges with hardly any jaggies.

• Bicubic Interpolation - a more sophisticated method that produces smoother edges than bilinear

interpolation. Here, a new pixel is a bicubic function using 16 pixels in the nearest 4 x 4 neighborhood

of the pixel in the original image. This is the method most commonly used by image editing software, printer drivers and many digital cameras for resampling images.

• Box Average (3x3, 4x4, 5x5, and 7x7) - the box average methods simply find the average values of the

nearest 9 (for 3x3), 16 (for 4x4), 25 (for 5x5), or 49 (for 7x7) pixels and use that as the value of the

sample location. These methods are very good for resampling data at lower resolutions. The lower the resolution of your export is as compared to the original, the larger "box" size you should use.

• Box Maximum (3x3, 4x4, and 5x5) - the box maximum methods simply find the maximum value of

the nearest 9 (for 3x3), 16 (for 4x4), 25 (for 5x5), or 49 (for 7x7) pixels and use that as the value of

the sample location. These methods are very good for resampling elevation data at lower resolutions so that your new terrain surface has the maximum elevation value rather than the average (good for terrain avoidance). This method behaves the same as the average on raster/imagery layers. The lower the resolution of your export is as compared to the original, the larger "box" size you should use.

The Texture Map option allows a 2D raster overlay to be draped over loaded 3D elevation overlays. Selecting the check box causes the overlay to use any available data from underlying elevation layers to determine how to color the DRG or DOQ. The result is a shaded relief map.

Color/Contrast Adjustment Tab

The Color/Contrast Adjustment tab (pictured below) allows you to control the color balance and contrast of the selected overlay(s).

The Crop to Manually Specified Boundary in Native Layer Projection/Units option allows you to specify a crop boundary in the native units of the selected overlay. When selected, this option will display the Customize Collar Bounds dialog (pictured above) to allow specifying the bounds to crop to.

The Crop a Specified Number of Pixels Around the Edges of the Layer option allows you to specify a number of pixels to crop of each edge of the selected overlay(s).

The Snap to Manually Specified Degree Boundary option allows you to specify that the collar for the selected overlay will be on some degree boundary, like an even degree, of 0.5 degrees, etc. This way you can setup cropping for a collection of maps that are all similarly aligned.

The Crop to Previously Selected Polygon(s) option specifies that you want to crop to the crop polygon(s) (area) previously applied to the selected layer(s) using the Crop to Currently Selected Polygon option.

The Crop to Currently Selected Polygon(s) option specifies that you want to crop the selected layer(s) to any area feature(s) currently selected with either the Feature Info or Digitizer Tools.

Band Setup Tab

The Band Setup tab (pictured below) is available for some types of imagery with 3 or more bands of data. This tab allows you to control which bands of data are used for the red, green, and blue color bands. This is a very useful tool when trying to extract different types of information out of multi-spectral imagery.

There is also an option for advanced users to allow disabling of the alpha (translucency) channel for an image. This is useful if you have an image with bad alpha values (like all set to completely transparent) and you just want to see the colors without applying the alpha values.

white in the DRG transparent makes it possible to see much of the DOQ underneath. Pressing the Set

Transparent Color... button allows the user to select the color to treat as transparent in the selected overlay.

The Resampling option allows you to control how the elevation value for each displayed/export location is determined based on the values in the file. The following resampling methods are supported:

• Nearest Neighbor - simply uses the value of the sample that a location is in. When resampling or

reprojected an image this can result in a stair-step effect, but will maintain exactly the original

elevation values of the source file.

• Bilinear Interpolation - determines the value of a new sample based on a weighted average of the 4

samples in the nearest 2 x 2 neighborhood of the sample in the original image. The averaging has an

anti-aliasing effect and therefore produces relatively smooth edges with hardly any jaggies.

• Bicubic Interpolation - a more sophisticated method that produces smoother edges than bilinear

interpolation. Here, a new pixel is a bicubic function using 16 samples in the nearest 4 x 4

neighborhood of the sample in the original image.

• Box Average (3x3, 4x4, 5x5, and 7x7) - the box average methods simply find the average values of the

nearest 9 (for 3x3), 16 (for 4x4), 25 (for 5x5), or 49 (for 7x7) samples and use that as the value of the

sample location. These methods are very good for resampling data at lower resolutions. The lower the resolution of your export is as compared to the original, the larger "box" size you should use.

The Shader option allows you to choose which elevation shader is to be used for coloring the cell values within this layer. By default, all gridded layers will share the elevation shader selected on the toolbar, but there may be certain situations where you want to color one layer differently than the others and exclude it

from the loaded elevation range. One common example is a gridded layer that actually has non-elevation data.

The Alter Elevation Values tab (pictured below) allows you to modify how elevation values from the selected layer(s) are interpreted, providing you a means to offset all of the elevations in the layer(s) by a given value and to restrict the range of elevation values that are treated as valid.

The 3D View window contains a toolbar with command buttons allowing you to modify the default view.

You can use the mouse to rotate the view around as well as zoom in. The arrow keys on the toolbar allow you to pan the data visible in the 3D view in any direction. The zoom in and out buttons allow you to zoom in or out on the center of the 3D view. Additional buttons are also available for modifying the vertical

exaggeration, displaying water, and saving the 3D view contents to a Windows BMP, TIFF, PNG, or JPG file.

You can also use the arrow keys and numeric keypad to pan and zoom the 3D image without using the mouse. The following keys are recognized:

• Arrow Keys: - pan 3D view left, right, forward, and back or move in Walk Mode (hold shift for

larger move).

• Page Up/Down: - zoom in and out (hold shift for larger move)

• Numbers 8 and 2: - control tilt forward and back

• Numbers 4 and 6: - control rotation right and left

• Numbers 7 and 9: - move up

• Numbers 1 and 3: - move down

• Number 5 and letter H: - return to default view

• W: - show wireframe

• A: - draw axes

If you press the Change Display Properties button on the 3D toolbar the 3D View Properties dialog is displayed allowing you to configure the 3D view settings, including the vertical exaggeration, the water display, background color, 3D vector display, as well as the terrain and draped image resolution.

The terrain and image size settings on the 3D View Properties dialog controls how detailed the terrain surface and draped image surface in the 3D view will be. Larger values will result in more detail, but will also take more time to draw. Also some video cards can't handle the larger sizes, resulting in crashes in the 3D view. If

• Divide 1st Value by 2nd - value in new layer is assigned to the value from the first layer divided by

the value in the second layer. If either value is missing or the second layer value is zero the new

sample is marked as invalid.

• Filter (Keep First Value if Second Valid) - value in the new layer is assigned to the value in the first

layer only if the value in the second layer is vaild. Otherwise the value in the new layer is marked as

invalid (void). This is useful for applying a mask to a terrain layer.

• Filter (Keep First Value if Greater Than Second) - value in the new layer is assigned to the value

in the first layer only if the first layer value is greater than the second layer value. If either value is

invalid or the first value is less than the second value, the value in the new layer is marked as invalid

(void).

• Filter (Keep First Value if Less Than Second) - value in the new layer is assigned to the value in

the first layer only if the first layer value is less than the second layer value. If either value is invalid

or the first value is less than the second value, the value in the new layer is marked as invalid (void).

• Filter (Keep First if Second Greater Than Compare Value) - value in the new layer is assigned to

the value in the first layer only if the second layer value is valid and is greater than the specified

compare value. Otherwise the value is marked as invalid. This is useful for keeping elevation values where something like a return count from another layer is greater than some value. The Compare Value on the dialog corresponds to the value to compare to.

• Filter (Keep First if Second Less Than Compare Value) - value in the new layer is assigned to the

value in the first layer only if the second layer value is valid and is less than the specified compare

value. Otherwise the value is marked as invalid. This is useful for keeping elevation values where something like an error value from another layer is less than some value. The Compare Value on the dialog corresponds to the value to compare to.

Note: Only registered users of Global Mapper are able to combine terrain layers. Generate Contours Command

The Generate Contours command allows the user to generate equally spaced contour lines from any loaded

elevation grid data.

When selected, the command displays the Contour Generation Options dialog (pictured below) which allows the user to set up the contour generation process.

watershed calculation uses theeight-direction pour point algorithm (D-8) to calculate the flow direction at

each location, along with a bottom-up approach for determining flow direction through flat areas and acustom algorithm for automatically fllling depressions in the terrain data.

When selected, the command displays the Watershed Generation Options dialog (pictured below) which allows the user to set up the watershed generation process.

Watershed Generation Options --

Watershed Options 1Watershed Bounds 1

Description ll•li!Hinfi11 1:115 •lil

Resolution

The resolution affects fidelity wdh which the watershed is generated.larger numbers result in a less detailed watershed. but it will generate more quickly. Typically you11 just want to accept the defauks.

X-a:xis: 130 meters

y-a:xis: 130 meters

K you wish to change the ground units that the resoh.!ltion is specified in, you need to change the current projection by going to Config>· Projection.

Stream lhreshold

Specify how much ground area or how many cells the flow must accumulate from for a cell to be considered part of a stream. larger values resuk in onty more major waterflows being classaîed as streams.

r. Stream Cell Count 12500

r Stream Drainage kea jo 1Square Meters il

r Discard Stream Starts Less than jso meters in Length

Depression Rll Depth

Specify the maximum depth of depression inthe terrain data that will be filled

to facilîtate creating the flow network. Reduce this fo.rfaster resu s.

1115 jmeters il

r Save DEM to GlobalMapper Gnd Rei Alter Rlling Depressions

P Keep Ocean Bevations .e.0meters)at Zero

Operations at Selected Locations (Select wdh Digdizer Too)l

r Trace Aow from Selected Une(s}

r Trace Aowfrom Selected Point(s)\Water Drop Analysis)

r Create Watershed P<eas Showing Drainage to Selected Une(s) r Create Watershed P<eas Showing Drainage to Selected Point(s) ADVANCED:Row lhreshold in Sampel Resolution: j1

r Create Watershed P<eas Showing Drainage to Streams

P lnterpolate to Rll Small Gaps in Data

P Smooth Streams to lmprove Appearance

r ADVANCED: Show Row Accumulation as Gnd

The Resolution section controls the resolution at which the loaded terrain data is sampled to perform the watershed analysis. The default values should capture the full resolution of the loaded terrain data. Larger values (i.e. lower resolution) will cause the calculation to be quicker, but less detailed.

The Stream Threshold section controls how much water must flow to a particular cell before it is considered part of a "stream". Larger values will result in only more water flow areas being delineated, while smaller values will cause more minor water flows to be marked as streams. Each stream segment (i.e. the portion between and inflow and outflow point) can optionally have the area that drains directly to that stream segment marked with a watershed area. Check the Create Watershed Areas Showing Drainage to Streams option to enable creating watershed areas. If you would like to discard any short stream segments that don't have any other streams flowing into them (i.e. short little stub streams feeding into a main trunk), check the option to Discard Stream Starts Less than Some Length. This will remove any short little stream stubs that are below

the specified distance threshold (in meters).

Many terrain data sets will contain depressions in the data where flow would terminate unless allowed to fill the depression and spill into the surrounding terrain. The Depression Fill Depth section controls how deep of a depression will be filled before it is considered a basin and flow is allowed to terminate there. The depression fill depth value will automatically be filled in with some guess at a good value based on the range of loaded elevation values, but you might want to modify this, especially if you have relatively flat terrain with a lot of depressions. Note that it can take a while to fill particularly deep depressions. When trying to determine a a good value to use for the depression fill depth you should think about how high of an embankment or 'dam'

that you might encounter that you want to allow water to fill up to the top of and pour over, or also how deep of a small pond or puddle to fill and allow spilling out of. You can also check the option to Save DEM to Global Mapper Grid File After Filling Depressions to save the depression-filled terrain to a GMG file so you can load that for future watershed operations to avoid having to fill depressions again.

The Operations at Selected Locations section allows you to perform additional flow and drainage network delineation based on line and point features selected in the Digitizer Tool. The Create Watershed Areas Showing Drainage to Selected Line(s) option will calculate a drainage (watershed) area for each selected line feature showing which portion of the loaded terrain drains to the immediate vicinity (within the specified flow threshold) of the selected line. This is useful to see what drains to something like a road feature. The Create Watershed Areas Showing Drainage to Selected Point(s) option will calculate a drainage (watershed) area for each selected point feature showing which portion of the loaded terrain drains to the immediate vicinity (i.e. within the specified flow threshold of the point location) of the selected point. The Trace Flow from Selected Point(s) (Water Drop Analysis) option will cause a separate arrowed line to be generated starting at each selected point feature showing where a drop of water placed at that point location will flow to. The Trace

Flow from Selected Line(s) option will cause an area feature to be generated showing all areas that a particular line feature will drain to. This is useful for determining something like where a leak from a pipeline might

leak to.

The screenshot below shows a watershed created from a collection of USGS DEMs. In it you can clearly see the stream network as well as the drainage areas for each stream segment.

@ Global Mapper v12.00 - REGISTEREO

.Eile ,Edit Vi· !ools earch §.PS J::!elp

<NO LABEL> Stream - (Height = 261.585 meters - <blue_springs_4_quads.dem> BLUE SPRINGS, MO)

Find Ridge Lines Command

The Fmd Ridge Lines command allows the user to analyze the loaded terrain data to find signiflcant ridge

!ines.The ridge linecalculation is based heavily on the watershed generation algorithm, so see that for details on how it works.The main difference is that the ridge line operation simply inverts the terrain and where streams of water wouid forrn are now the ridge !ines in the inverted terrain.

Tools Menu

The Tools Menu offers the following commands:

• Zoom - Allows the user to zoom in on a specific point in the display.

• Pan (Grab-and-Drag) - Drag the view to a new location.

• Measure - Measures length as well as an enclosed area.

• Feature Info - Chooses an object to display its attributes.

• Path Profile/LOS - Generate 3D path profile and perform line of sight (LOS) calculations

• View Shed Analysis - Perform view shed analysis using loaded elevation grid data

• Digitizer - Modify existing vector features and create new ones.

• Image Swipe - Swipe away a raster layer to see what is underneath

• Coordinate Convertor - Easy reprojection/conversion of coordinates

• Control Center - Central control for all loaded overlays.

• Configure - General Global Mapper setup.

• Map Layout - Setup Map Layout Display (scale bar, margins, north arrow, etc.)

Zoom Tool

The Zoom command selects the zoom tool as the current tool.

To zoom in on a specific point, choose the [Zoom tool] from the toolbar or, [Tool/Zoom] from menu bar. A magnifying glass icon should appear on the screen. To zoom in, left click without dragging the mouse. The view is centered on where the mouse was clicked and will zoom in by a factor of two. To zoom out, right click without dragging the mouse. The view will zoom out by a factor of two, centered on where the mouse was clicked. You can also hold down the Ctrl key while right clicking to restore the view to the last zoomed view.

Alternately, one can zoom in to a user-defined rectangle by left clicking and then draging a box while holding down the left mouse button.

If your mouse has a middle button, you can hold it down and drag the map similar to the behavior of the Pan

(Grab-and-Drag) tool.

Pan (Grab-and-Drag) Tool

The Pan (Grab-and-Drag) command selects the Pan tool as the current tool.

To change the center point of the image without changing the magnification, depress the left mouse button, drag the view to the desired location, then release the left mouse button to redraw the view at the new location.

If you just want to recenter on a new location without dragging, just click the left mouse button at the new desired location and the view will be recentered on that location (this provides the functionality of the old Recenter Tool).

Measure Tool

The Measure command selects the measure tool as the current tool.

To find the distance between along a path on the display or the enclosed area of a set of points, choose the

[Measure Tool] icon from the toolbar or select [Tools/Measure] from the menu bar.

1. Left click on the point to begin the measurement. Move the mouse, which will draw a line, to the point where the measurement should stop.

2. Repeat step 1 until you have defined the entire path or area that you wish to measure.

3. Right click the right mouse button and select "Stop Measuring" from the list using a left click. Notice that "Stop Measuring" and "Close polygon" choices are now grayed out. The measurement(s) will be displayed on the left side of the status bar below.

4. In order to change measurements right click and choose a new unit using a left click. You may continue to change the measurement display by selecting different units. The distance will be displayed in kilometers, meters, miles or feet for a line, and in square feet, square meters, square miles, acres, or hectares for areas.

Note that if you place a point along your measurement that you do not want you can press Ctrl+Z to remove the last placed point in the measurement.

You can also save a measurement to a separate feature by right clicking and selecting "Save Measurement" from the list that pops up. You can then export these measurements to new vector files, such as Shapefiles or DXF, or modify them with the Digitizer Tool. There is also an option to copy the measurement text to the clipboard when you right-click.

If you have gridded elevation data loaded under the measurement, you can also calculate the Cut-and-Fill volume either within the measurement area or within some distance of the measurement line. To do this, simply right click then select the "Measure Volume (Cut-and-Fill)" option that appears. Selecting this option will display the Setup Volume Calculation Parameters dialog (pictured below), which allows you to set up the volume measurement.

On the Setup Volume Calculate Parameters you can select whether to measure cut-and-fill volumes within some specified distance of the selected line or within the specified area. If you are measuring along a line, you can specify the cut heights to use at each vertex individually or use the same cut (base) height for each vertex relative either to the ground at each vertex or relative to sea level. Whichever option you choose, the heights will be interpolated between line vertices to get a smoothly varying cut height. If measuring within an area, there is also an option to perform multiple cut-and-fill calculations between a range of cut (base) height

values. If you choose this option the results will be displayed in a table at the end of the operation so you can see the results of each calculation.

Once you have your volume calculation setup and you press ok to calculate it, the volume of earth that would be needed to fill any space below the cut surface (fill volume) is reported along with the volume of earth that is above the cut surface (cut volume). After viewing the reported volumes, you have the option to save a new feature with the measurement values.

If measuring the cut-and-fill volumes within an area feature, you can also check the Find Area Cut Height Where Cut and Fill Volumes are Equal to find the approximate cut height where the same amount of dirt would have to be cut out as filled. This is useful for selecting a cut height at which no dirt needs to be hauled off or brought in. The optimal cut height will be reported as the break-even height with the other measurement results.

On the right-click menu in the Measure Tool are options to control how distances are measured and the paths are drawn. The following options are available:

• Great Circle - Any measured distances will use the great circle distance, which is the shortest path

along the surface of the earth's ellipsoid between the two points. Any drawn paths will be along the

great circle path. Typically you won't notice a difference for short distances, but will for longer ones.

• Grid Distance - Any measured distances will use the distance as calculated in the Cartesion XY

coordinate system of the current projected system. Any drawn paths will be straight lines between the start and end point. This can result in inaccurate distances for long measurements or when working in projection systems with high levels of distortion.

• Rhumb Line - Any measured distances will be drawn along the rhumb line if possible, which is a line

of constant bearing between the start and end point. Rhumb lines are often used in navigation so that a

constant bearing can be maintained. A rhumb line will be a straight line in the Mercator projection. Any drawn paths will also be along the shortest rhumb line path between the start and end point.

On the right-click menu in the Measure Tool are options to control how bearings are repoted. The following options are available:

• True North - Any measured bearings will be reported relative to True North. This means that a

bearing of 0 will point directly at the North Pole and bearings of 180 will point directly at the South

Pole.

• Magnetic North - Any measured bearings will be reported relative to Magnetic North. This means

that a bearing of 0 will point directly at the magnetic North Pole rather than the geographic North

Pole. All other bearings are relative to that, so a bearing of 180 is exactly away from the magnetic North Pole. The magentic Nort Pole slowly meanders around, but is not coincident with the geographic North Pole.

• Grid North - Any measured bearings will be reported relative to Grid North. This means that a

bearing of 0 will point directly up on the Y axis of your current display projection (to the top of the

screen assuming you don't have any rotation enabled), 90 will be directly to the right along the X axis, etc. If your projection is one that is orthogonal to the lat/lon grid, like Geographic or Mercator, the cardinal directions (0, 90, 180, and 270) will be the same, but in between could vary due to scale differences.

Feature Info Tool

The Feature Info command selects the Feature Information tool as the current tool. This tool allows you to select vector features (areas, lines, and points) by clicking on or near them. Once selected, a dialog displaying information about the selected item appears.

To pick objects, select the [Feature Info] icon from the Toolbar or select [Tools/Feature Info] from the menu bar. Press and release the left mouse button near the objects(s) to be picked. Holding down the 'P' key when left clicking causes only area features at the clicked location to be considered. If left-clicking on a picture point with an associated image, by default just the image will be displayed, but holding the Ctrl key when clicking will cause the normal feature info dialog to be displayed. When an object is picked, it will be

highlighted and a feature info dialog (picture below) will be displayed. Right clicking the mouse button cycles through each of the elements located near the selection point, displaying the information in the dialog box.

As you can see, you can view a lot of information about a selected object in the Feature Info dialog. The object's name, description, geometry information including length and enclosed area (when applicable), attribute value list, and map name, are all displayed. Buttons are also available allowing you to edit the selected feature's information and drawing style, marking the selected feature as deleted, as well as to copy all of the feature information (as text) and the feature itself to the Windows clipboard for pasting elsewhere, such as in a text editor or as a new feature in a running session of Global Mapper.

In addition, you can right click on any attribute value to see additional options specific to the selected attribute/value pair. You can copy the selected pair to the Windows clipboard, treat the value as a web URL and open that location in a web browser, or treat the value as a filename (either absolute or relative to the path of the source file from which the feature was read) and load that file either into Global Mapper or with the program associated with that file type in Windows. You can also choose to zoom the main map view to the extents of the selected feature.

If the selected feature has an attribute named IMAGE_LINK and the value of that attribute refers to a local image file, Global Mapper will automatically open that image in the associated application on your system, unless the Ctrl button was held down when you selected the feature. Likewise if you have an attribute named GM_LINK and the value of that attribute refers to a local file, Global Mapper will try and open that file in the current instance of Global Mapper as a new layer, unless the layer is already open or the Ctrl key was held down.

Clicking the Vertices button for line or area features displays the Feature Vertex List dialog (pictured below), which allows you to view, edit, and remove the individual vertex coordinates, including Z and timestamp values (if present) for the selected feature. The X and Y coordinates are listed in the native projection of the layer, and the Z coordinates will have the elevation units defined for the layer on the Projection tab of the Options dialog for the layer. You can also easily add per-vertex elevation values to features that do not

already have them by pressing the Add Elevs button on the Feature Vertex List dialog. If timestamp values are present (like for a GPS tracklog), speed and bearing columns will also be displayed for each leg of the feature. You can also right-click on the vertex list for a feature with per-vertex elevations and choose the option to evenly spread the elevations to achieve a constant slope between the first and last elevation on the feature and

The Save To Bitmap... option allows registered users to save the contents of the path profile window to a

Windows bitmap (BMP) file for use in other applications.

The Save to BMP and Display on Main Map View option allows registered users to save the contents of the path profile window to a Window bitmap (BMP) file and then display that BMP at a fixed location on the main map view. This is the equivalent of using the Save to Bitmap menu command, then closing the dialog and using the File->Open Data File at Fixed Screen Location menu command in the main map view.

The Save CSV File (with XYZ and Distance Values... option allows registered users to save all of the coordinates and distances to that location along the path profile to a CSV text file. Each line in the text file will be formatted as follow:

x-coordinate,y-coordinate,elevation,distance-from-start

The Save Distance/Elevation... option allows registered users to save all of the distances and elevations along the path profile to a text file. Each line in the text file will be formatted as follow:

distance-from-start,elevation

The Save To XYZ... option allows registered users to save all of the positions and elevations along the path profile to a text file. Each line in the text file will be formatted as follow:

x-coordinate,y-coordinate,elevation

The Save LOS to KML... option allows registered users to save a 3D line of sight and, if selected, the Fresnel zone boundary lines, to a KML file for display in Google Earth.

Pressing the Line of Sight... button brings up the Setup Line of Sight/Earth Curvature dialog (pictured below), which allows the user to configure a line of sight calculation along the selected path. You can only perform a line of sight analysis if exactly two points are in the path profile (e.g. line of sight analysis cannot be performed on multi-segment paths).

The From Sight Elevation section allows the user to select the height at the start position (left side of graph) to use in the line of sight calculations. This height can be specified in either feet or meters above the ground or above sea level. The To Sight Elevation section provides the same functionality for the end position (right side of graph).

The Fresnel Zone Specification section allows you to have the line of sight analysis also check that a certain portion (the Percent Clear value) of the first Fresnel zone for a transmission of a particular frequency is clear. The typical standard is that good visibility requires that at least 60% (the default) of the first Fresnel zone for the specified frequency be clear of obstructions. If Fresnel zone clearance is being selected the specified percentage of the first Fresnel zone will be drawn on the line of sight analysis dialog as a dotted line underneath the straight sight line.

The Earth Curvature section allows the user to specify whether they want to take the curvature of the earth into account while performing the line of sight calculation. In addition, when earth curvature is being used, they can specify an atmospheric correction value to be used. The atmospheric correction value is useful when determining the line of sight for transmitting waves whose path is affected by the atmosphere. For example, when modeling microwave transmissions a value of 1.333 is typically used to emulate how microwaves are refracted by the atmosphere.

Selecting the Exclude Endpoints when Finding Minimum Clearance options causes the first and last 5% of the elevations along the profile to be ignored when finding the minimum clearance point.

After setting up the line of sight calculation in the dialog and pressing the OK button, the line of sight will be displayed in the path profile window (pictured below). Along with the line depicted the actual line of sight, the position and vertical separation of the minimum clearance of the line of sight will be displayed with a

View Shed Tool

The View Shed command selects the view shed analysis tool as the current tool. This tool allows registered users to perform a view shed analysis using loaded elevation grid data with a user-specified transmitter location, height, and radius. All areas within the selected radius that have a clear line of sight to the transmitter are colored with a user-specified color.

To perform a view shed analysis, first select the view shed tool as your current tool. Press and release the left mouse button at the position where you wish to place the transmitter. At this point, the View Shed Setup dialog (pictured below) will appear, allowing you to setup the view shed calculation.

You can also calculate views sheds at multiple point locations by selecting the point features at the desired locations in the Digitizer Tool, right clicking, then selecting the Calculate View Sheds at Selected Point(s) option on the menu that is displayed.

If you choose to perform view shed operations at selected point feature locations, the view shed calculation values will be initialized from attributes of that point feature. The values selected on the dialog will be used, except when one of the following attributes is present with a value to override what was selected on the dialog (this allows you to batch calculate view sheds at different locations with different parameters):

• OFFSETA - height above ground in meters (or feet if 'ft' in value) for transmitter (observation point)

• OFFSETA_MSL (or OFFSETA_MS if coming from a Shapefile) - height above sea level in meters

(or feet if 'ft' in value) for transmitter (observation point)

• OFFSETB - height above ground in meters (or feet if 'ft' in value) for receiver

• OFFSETB_MSL (or OFFSETB_MS if coming from a Shapefile) - height above sea level in meters

(or feet if 'ft' in value) for receiver

• AZIMUTH1 - start angle for view shed (0 is north, 90 is east, etc.)

• AZIMUTH2 - send angle for view shed (0 is north, 90 is east, etc.)

• RADIUS2 - outer radius in meters of view shed calculation

The Receiver Elevation section allows the user to specify the minimum height above the ground or

sea level from which the transmitter must be visible for the point to be considered visible. Most of the time you'll want to specify an elevation above ground, but specifying an elevation above sea level can be useful for aviation purposes.

Optionally, you can also specify that the receiver elevation should be calculated based on an elevation angle relative to the horizon from the transmitter. This is useful if you have something like a radar

dish that points up at some angle and you want to see where the signal can be seen.

Finally, you can also specify a transmission angle range for a beam transmitted from the transmitter. Then the view shed will depict where that beam would hit the terrain surface (or some user-specified distance above the surface).

The Select Elevation Layer(s) to Base Transmitter/Receiver Heights On button displays a dialog allowing you to select which of the loaded elevation layers you want to base ground-relative transmitter and receiver heights on. The default is to use all loaded layers, but if you have a situation where you have a ground level data set loaded and perhaps another set with heights of buildings, etc., you could use this option to cause the transmitter and receiver heights to be based on the ground elevation, whereas the actual visibility of each point will use the topmost of any loaded layer.

The View Radius section allows the user to specify how far in each direction from the transmitter to check for visibility. Typically you'd want to set this to the effective range of your transmitter. If you want to ignore areas close to the transmitter, you can also specify a minimum view radius value. Use the default of 0 to include everything from the transmitter out ot the selected view radius.

The View Angle section allows the user to limit the view shed to a particular subsection of the complete radial area. The Start Angle specifies the cartographic angle at which the radial subregion begins. This angle is a cartographic angle, meaning that 0 degrees is north and angles increase clockwise. The Swept Angle specifies the number of degrees clockwise to include in the view shed. For example, if the transmitter being analyzed sweeps an arc from due south to due west, a start angle of 180 with a swept angle of 90 would be used. To perform a view shed analysis over the entire area, keep the defaults of starting at 0 degrees and sweeping through 360 degrees.

The Earth Curvature section allows the user to specify whether they want to take the curvature of the earth into account while performing the view shed analysis. In addition, when earth curvature is being used, they can specify an atmospheric correction value to be used. The atmospheric correction value

is useful when determining the view shed for transmitting waves whose path is affected by the atmosphere. For example, when modeling microwave transmissions a value of 1.333 is typically used to emulate how microwaves are refracted by the atmosphere.

The Sample Spacing section allows the user to specify the spacing of elevation samples when calculating the view shed. The sample spacing controls the interval at which elevation samples are examined to determine visibility. Smaller values result in more accurate, but more slowly generated, view sheds.

The Fresnel Zone Specification section allows you to have the view shed analysis also check that a certain portion (the Percent Clear value) of the first Fresnel zone for a transmission of a particular frequency is clear. The typical standard is that good visibility requires that at least 60% (the default) of the first Fresnel zone for the specified frequency be clear of obstructions. If you specify a maximum Fresnel zone percentage clear other than 100%, only those locations where the minimum percentage of the 1st Fresnel zone that is clear is between your specified percentages will be marked

as visible.

The Free Space Path Loss Calculation section allows you to display the power at any given location taking free space path loss into account. You can specify the total power from the rest of the link budget (i.e. transmission power plus antenna gain minus any other power losses excluding free space path loss) and the signal frequency. Then as you move the cursor over the view shed you can see the remaining power at the location. In addition the view shed will get more transparent as thed signal power becomes less.

The Obstructions from Vector Data section allows the user to specify whether or not loaded vector data with elevation values should be considered when performing the view shed analysis. This allows the user to use things like buildings, fence lines, towers, etc. to block portions of the view, creating a more realistic view shed. If the user elects to use vector data, they can also specify whether the elevation values stored with vector features are relative to the ground or relative to mean sea level. Typically heights for vector features are specified relative to the ground. If any area features are included and their heights are relative to the ground, the obstruction heights within those areas will be increased by the specified amount, but any receiver heights will still be based on the terrain. This makes things like wooded areas very easy to model. The Obstruction Area Features Always Hidden option allows you to specify that any locations within an obstruction area will be marked as hidden, rather than only those that actually would be hidden.

If checked, the Display Hidden Rather than Visible Areas option causes the generated view shed to cover those areas that would NOT be visible, rather than those that would be visible from the transmitter location.

If checked, the Generate Area Features in Covered Areas option specifies that view shed coverage area (polygon) featuers should be generated for those areas that are visible. These generated area features then behave just like any other vector feature and can be exported to vector formats, like Shapefiles, for use in other software.

Pressing the Select Transmitter Location... button displays a dialog that allows the user to adjust the exact transmitter coordinates from the coordinates where they clicked.

Pressing the Select Display Color... button displays a dialog that allows the user to select the color in which to display the visible areas on the map.

After setting up the view shed calculation in the dialog and pressing the OK button, the view shed analysis will be performed and when complete, the results will be displayed on the main map display as a new overlay. All visible areas within the specified radius will be displayed using the selected color. The overlay will default to being 50% translucent, allowing you to see areas underneath the view shed. You can modify the translucency of the overlay in the Overlay Control Center.

In addition, a small radio tower point will be created at the selected transmitter location. When selected using the pick tool, this point displays information about the view shed analysis as shown below.

If you would like to modify the settings used to calculate the view shed and recalculate it using currently loaded data, you can right click on the View Shed layer in the Overlay Control Center and select the option to modify the view shed.

Digitizer Tool

The Digitizer Tool allows you to modify existing vector features as well as to create new ones. This tool encompasses a lot of functionality, from modifying the shape and position of area, line, and point features, to editing the attribution and drawing styles of individual vector features. The major activities available with the Digitizer Tool are described below.

• Creating New Features

♦ Creating New Area Features

♦ Creating New Line Features

♦ Create New Line Features with Distance/Bearing/COGO Input

♦ Creating New Point Features

♦ Creating New Range Ring Features

♦ Create Buffer Areas a Fixed Distance Around Features

♦ Creating Shape (e.g. Circle, Rectangle, etc.) Features

♦ Create Strike-and-Dip (Geology-Related) Features

♦ Create Regular Grid of Area Features of User-Specified Size/Orientation

♦ Create Points Spaced Along Area and Line Features

♦ Creating a Line by Connected Points

♦ Create Perpendicular Lines Spaced Along Area and Line Features

♦ Creating a Point Offset from a Selected Point

• Editing Existing Features

♦ Selecting Features

♦ Selecting Vertices

♦ Editing Feature Attributes and Drawing Styles

♦ Deleting/Undeleting Features

♦ Moving Features

♦ Changing the Shape of Area and Line Features

♦ Rotating and Scaling Features

♦ Combining Area and Line Features

♦ Finding the Intersection of Multiple Area Features

♦ Cutting Areas From/Adding Islands to Area Features

♦ Splitting Areas into Two New Area Features

♦ Cropping Features to Selected Area Features

♦ Cropping/Splitting Line Features to Area Features

♦ Splitting Area Features Against Line Features

♦ Moving Selected Point Features to the Nearest Point on Selected Line Features

• Copying Features (Cut/Copy/Paste)

• Snapping to Existing Features When Drawing

• Snapping Vertically/Horizontally When Drawing

• Un-doing Digitization Operations

• Additional Feature Operations

♦ Adding Elevation Values from Terrain to Features

♦ Generating a 3D Path Profile from a Line or Area Feature

♦ Calculating View Sheds at Multiple Point Locations

♦ Calculating Elevation Statistics for Selected Features

♦ Calculating Cut-and-Fill Volumes for Area and Line Features

♦ (Global Energy Mapper only) - Insert a Pad Site Template

♦ (Global Energy Mapper only) - Creating a Flattened Site Plan

♦ Working with Feature Measurements (i.e. Length, Enclosed Area)

After selecting the Create New Area Feature popup menu option, you can proceed to draw a new area feature with the mouse. To draw the feature, simple left click at each place that you'd like to drop a vertex. To finish the area feature, right click at the desired location of the last vertex to complete the area. You can cancel creation of the new area at any time by pressing the Escape key. Note that while drawing the area you can use the Snapping feature to help align the area with existing features.

Once you've completed drawing the area, the Modify Feature Info dialog will appear allowing you to setup the label, classification, drawing style, and attribution for the area. The perimeter and enclosed area of the area feature will be added as default attributes. The units for these measurements can be modified on the General tab of the Configuration dialog. See Editing Feature Attributes and Drawing Styles for more details.

Once you have completed have completed creating the area, the Digitizer Tool will remain in the area creation mode, so you can simply start left-clicking to draw another area, or right-click to choose a different mode.

You can also create new area features from selected line features by selecting a collection of lines, then right-clicking and selecting the Advanced Feature Creation Options->Create New Area Feature(s) from Selected Line Feature(s) menu command. This will attempt to connect the selected line features to build area features. All line features will be connected as far as possible, then closed to create a new area feature. When you select this option, the dialog shown below will appear allowing you to setup the rules governing how areas will be formed. The rules have the following meanings:

• Only Connect Lines that Match the Attributes of the Line Being Connected To - If checked, this

option indicates that line features will only connect to other line features that have compatible labels,

descriptions, and attributes.

• Require Connected Results to be Fully Closed Before Creating Area - If checked, this option indicates

that only connected line paths that fully close to form a complete area will be turned into areas. If not

checked, any path will be closed with a straight line between the two endpoints once no more connections can be found.

• Create Multiple Areas if All Lines Don't Connect - If checked, this option indicates that if all of the

selected lines don't connect to form a single path, then multiple area features will be generated, one

for each independent connected path.

Creating New Line Features

After selecting the Create New Line Feature (Vertex Mode) popup menu option, you can proceed to draw a new line feature with the mouse. To draw the feature, simple left click at each place that you'd like to drop a vertex. To finish the line feature, right click at the desired location of the last vertex. You can cancel creation of the new line at any time by pressing the Escape key. Note that while drawing the line in Vertex Mode you can use the Snapping feature to help align the line with existing features.

You can also choose to draw a line using the Create New Line/Area Feature (Trace Mode) popup menu option. To draw the feature, simple press the left button to start the line/area, then trace the path to draw using your mouse while keeping the left button pressed. To finish the feature, simply release the left button. You

can cancel creation of the new feature at any time by pressing the Escape key or just releasing the left button then pressing Cancel on the dialog that appears. If you are using a digitizing table just select this mode, then press down the pen to start, trace the path, then release it to end. If your drawn path is nearly closed, you will be asked whether to create a closed area feature from the path or just keep it as a line feature.

Once you've completed drawing the line, the Modify Feature Info dialog will appear allowing you to setup the label, classification, drawing style, and attribution for the line. The length of the line feature will be added as a default attribute. The units for the length measurement can be modified on the General tab of the

Configuration dialog. See Editing Feature Attributes and Drawing Styles for more details.

Once you have completed have completed creating the line, the Digitizer Tool will remain in the line creation mode, so you can simply start left-clicking to draw another line, or right-click to choose a different mode.

You can also create new line features from selected area features by selecting one or more areas, then right-clicking and selecting the Advanced Feature Creation Options->Create New Line Feature(s) from Selected Area Feature(s) menu command. This will create a single closed line feature from each selected area feature.

Creating New Line Features with Distance/Bearing/COGO Input

After selecting the Create New Line with Dist/Bearing/COGO popup menu option, you can proceed to select the starting location of the new line feature by left clicking at the desired start location. Note that while selecting the start point for the line you can use the Snapping feature to help align the line with existing features.

After selecting the starting location, the Distance/Bearing/COGO Input dialog (pictured below) will display, allowing you to enter distance/bearing information for additional points either as separate distance/bearing values, as a COGO (Coordinate Geometry) coordinates (see below for explanation), or as a quadrant/bearing/distance value. Once you have entered all of your points, press Done to complete the process and create the new line feature.

You can also check the option to Close Path Using Compass Rule when Completing Feature. If this option is checked, all of the points will be adjusted using the compass rule to ensure that the shape is closed. The compass rule evenly distributes the shift required to close the shape to all vertices and is commonly used by surveyors.

center) a line of bearing 0 won't be straight up, but will be slightly skewed so that it points at the North Pole. A line of bearing 0 will be straight up in projections like Geographic or Mercator where true north is always straight up.

If you check the DMS (degree/minute/second) Values Specified in Decimal Degrees option, you can enter your DM (degree/minute) or DMS (degree/minute/second) values as decimal degrees. For example with this option checked, a value of 40.3020 is interpreted as 40 degrees, 30 minutes, and 20 seconds. The basic format of degree fields when this option is checked is DD.MMSS.

Example COGO Input

N 23:14:12 W 340

S 04:18:56 E 230

The first character of a COGO input string must be either the character 'N' or 'S' to indicate whether the bearing is relative to the north or south directions. After another space, the angle begins. The angle can be in any angle specification that Global Mapper supports, including degrees, degrees/minutes, or degrees/minutes/seconds. A space follows the angle, and is then followed by either the 'E' or 'W' characters. A space separates the bearing from the distance (which should be in appropriate linear units).

For those unfamiliar with the notation for bearings: Picture yourself in the center of a circle. The first hemispere notation tells you whether you should face north or south. Then you read the angle and either turn that many degrees to the east or west, depending on the second hemisphere notation. Finally, you move distance units in that direction to get to the next station.

Creating New Point Features

After selecting the Create New Point Feature popup menu option, you can proceed place the point feature by left clicking at the desired location of the point. You can cancel creation of the new point at any time by pressing the Escape key.

You can also use the Create New Point Feature at Specified Position option to create a new point feature at a manually specified location. When you select this option, a dialog appears allowing you to enter the location for the new point feature in either latitude/longitude coordinates or coordinates in the current view projection.

Once you've placed the point, the Modify Feature Info dialog will appear allowing you to setup the label, classification, drawing style, and attribution for the new point feature. See Editing Feature Attributes and Drawing Styles for more details.

Once you have completed have completed creating the point feature, the Digitizer Tool will remain in the point creation mode, so you can simply left-click to place another point, or right-click to choose a different mode.

You can also create new point features from the centroids of selected area features or from the vertices of selected line and area features by selecting one or more areas or lines, then right-clicking and selecting the appropriate option under the Advanced Feature Creation Options menu.

Creating New Range Ring Features

After selecting the Create Range Ring(s) popup menu option, you can proceed to place the center location of your range rings by left clicking at the desired location. If you had point features selected when you selected

this option you can also choose to create the rings centered on the selected point feature(s) rather than manually specifying a center location. You can cancel creation of the range ring(s) at any time by pressing the Escape key or right clicking. If you choose to create new range rings at selected point locations and those points have a RING_RAD_M attribute, that attribute value will be interpreted as the ring radius in meters and used rather than what is specified in the dialog described below.

After selecting the center of your range ring(s), the Select Range Ring Parameters dialog (pictured below) appears and allows you to setup how many range rings you would like to create and how far apart you would like to create them. You can choose to create rectangles with the specified range as the radius rather than a ring if you would like. You can also choose to create a "multi-ring". Checking this box will delay the actual range ring creation until you have added additional range rings and unchecked the box. Then all rings in the "multi-ring" will be combined if possible to build nice looking combined range rings.

Once you have completed have completed creating the range ring(s), the Digitizer Tool will remain in the range ring creation mode, so you can simply left-click to create additional range rings centered on another location, or right-click to choose a different mode.

The range ring feature has numerous applications, including search-and-rescue and aviation. Creating Buffer Areas Around Selected Features

After selecting the Create Buffer Areas Around Selected Feature(s) option in the Advanced Feature Creation

popup menu, the Setup Buffer Areas dialog (pictured below) appears and allows you to setup how many buffer areas that you want to create around each selected feature and at what distance to space them. For example, if you want to create buffers at distances of 100, 200, and 300 meters around each selected feature, you would specify that you want to create 3 buffer areas with a buffer distance of 100 meters. You can also select to get the base buffer distance from an attribute of the selected features rather than using a single fixed buffer radius for each feature. That attribute value can also include unit text, like '500 m' or '300 ft' and that will automatically be recognized and used. If you would like to combine all overlapping buffers into larger combined areas, simply check the option to Combine Overlapping Buffer Areas. To create buffers some

distance inside a selected area feature rather than outside of it, simply specify a negative buffer distance.

Once you have completed have completed creating the buffer areas(s), the newly created areas will automatically be selected so you can easily right-click to edit them, display measurement information, etc.

Creating New Shape (e.g. Circle, Rectangle, etc.) Features

Under the Create Area Shapes and Create Line Shapes right-click popup menus you will find options to create Arc, Circular, Elliptical, Rectangular, and Square area and line features. For all of these shape types (except the rectangular/square option where you manually enter the coordinates), you click and hold the left mouse button at the center of the feature, then drag it until it is of the desired shape. For Circular/Elliptical features and Arcs, the default shape follows a circle and holding down the SHIFT key will dragging will result in an ellipse. For Rectangular/Square features, the default shape is a rectangle and holding down the SHIFT key will force the dragged shape to be square. If you hold down the 'T' key when left clicking to start the

shape, the start point will be treated as the top left corner of the feature rather than the center of the shape feature.

If you choose the 3-point area or line rectangle creation options, you enter a special mode for easily drawing rotated rectangles. Just left click to start the rectangle, then left-click again at the end of the first side, then left click again when the rectangle shape is what you want to create it.

Once the shape is to your liking, release the left mouse button and the Modify Feature Info dialog will appear allowing you to setup the label, classification, drawing style, and attribution for the new feature. See Editing Feature Attributes and Drawing Styles for more details.

Once you have completed have completed creating the shape, the Digitizer Tool will remain in the selected shape creation mode, so you can simply start drawing a new shape, or right-click to choose a different mode.

Create Strike-and-Dip (Geology-Related) Features

After selecting the Create Strike-and-Dip Point popup menu option, you can proceed to select the location of your new point by left clicking at the desired location. If you drag the cursor in the direction of the strike then

release it, the point will be placed at the start of the mouse drag and the strike/dip azimuth will automatically be initialized to the direction that you dragged. You can cancel creation of the point(s) at any time by pressing the Escape key or right clicking.

After selecting the locationof your strike-and-dip point, the Enter Strike-and-Dip Parameters dialog (pictured below) appears and allows you to setup your point. This includes selected the azimuth angle for your strike, either relative to True North (the default) or to the top of the map screen, the dip value for your point (which will be used as the display label on the map), the symbol to use, an optional description, and which layer in

the Control Center to place the new point feature. There is also a Modify Location button which allows you to fine-tune the location of the point by manually entering coordinates.

Once you have completed have completed creating the strike-and-dip point, the Digitizer Tool will remain in the strike-and-dip creation mode, so you can simply left-click to create additional points centered on another location, or right-click to choose a different mode. If you hold down the Ctrl key when left-clicking to create additional points the new strike-and-dip point will automatically be created at the clicked location using the same parameters as the last strike-and-dip point that was created, allowing you to quickly place a lot of points without going through the dialog each time.

Create Regular Grid of Area Features of User-Specified Size/Orientation

After selecting the Create Regular Grid of User Specified Size/Orientation popup menu option, you can proceed to select the anchor point (top left corner) of your grid by left clicking at the desired location. You can cancel creation of the point(s) at any time by pressing the Escape key or right clicking.

After selecting the anchor point for your grid, the Grid Setup dialog (pictured below) appears and allows you to setup the size, count, naming, and orientation of your grid cells. Pressing the Anchor Point button allows you to edit the location of your anchor point. You can also choose to create lines rather than areas and to

create points at the grid edges if you want, which is useful for creating your own labeled grid over the map for just a certain sub-area.

Create Perpendicular Lines Spaced Along Area and Line Features

You can create a new line features spaced along selected area/line features that are perpendicular to those selected features at each point. To do so, first select one or more area/line features, then right click and selecti the Advanced Feature Creation submenu option Create Perpendicular Lines Spaced Along Selected Line/Area Feature(s).... You will be prompted to select the spacing between lines and also the total length of each perpendicular line.

Creating a Point Offset from a Selected Point

You can create a new point feature offset a given distance/bearing or X/Y offset from an existing point by selecting the start point feature, then right clicking and selecting the Advanced Feature Creation submenu option POINT AT OFFSET - Create New Point/Text Feature At Specified Bearing/Distance.

Editing Existing Features

In addition to creating new vector features, the Digitizer Tool is also very useful for editing existing vector features. This tool provides the ability to move, delete, and reshape vector features, as well as modify the label, classification, drawing style, and attribution of any vector feature loading from any file format supported by Global Mapper. Note than any edits made are NOT automatically saved back to the origin file, but they will be saved in Global Mapper workspaces and into any exported vector files.

Selecting Features

Before you can edit an existing feature or features, you first must select them. Once a feature is selected, you can tell that it is selected because it will be drawn with a different style. The different methods for actually selecting features are described below.

One way to select features is by simply by clicking the left mouse button near the feature, or in the case of area features, within the feature. Using this method, the closest point or line feature will be selected, or if no point or line features are nearby and you clicked within an area feature, the area feature will be selected.

To select multiple features at a time, you can drag a selection box by holding down the left mouse button to draw a box. Any features entirely within the box drawn or features which are cut by the box will be selected. If you hold down the 'I' key while dragging the box, only features and vertices that are completely within the box will be selected. This is useful for things like selecting a point feature that is on top of a line/area border.

You can add to an existing selection by holding down the CTRL key while performing a selection with any of the above described methods. You can deselect features by holding down the SHIFT key while performing a selection. You can toggle the selection state of features by holding down both the SHIFT and CTRL keys while performing a selection. As a final option, holding the 'P' key when clicking to select the feature may be used to select the topmost area feature at a location. This is useful for selecting area features that may be overlaid by a line or point feature. It's functionally equivalent to using the Vector Display tab of the Configuration dialog to enable only the "Select From Areas" option - a temporary selection filter.

If you are planning on moving lots of features, you can speed up the process by holding down the ALT key when selected features and/or vertices. Doing this will cause you to automatically put into move mode when selecting new features and/or vertices.

You can also select area, line, and point features within selected area features by first selecting one or more area features using the previously described methods, then right clicking and selecting the appropriate option under the Advanced Selection Options submenu. This makes it easy to find and edit all of the point, line, and/or area features within some other area feature(s).

When working with island and parent areas, there are also some options available under the Advanced Selection Options submenu that make it easy to select all of the island areas associated with selected parent areas and to also deselect the parent area for a selected island area. You can also select lines or points within selected areas, or also select any area that share a vertex with the selected area(s) or any areas that they were connected to, or select any line features that share a vertex with the selected area(s).

Selecting Vertices

If the Show Area and Line Vertices option is enabled (Shift+V is a keyboard shortcut to toggle this setting), you can also select individual vertices on area and line features. You must select vertices before options allowing you to work with individual vertices in area and line features appear in the right-click options menu. Selected vertices will be shown on the display with a circle around them.

To select vertices, simple left click near a vertex to select the closest one if any are nearby, or drag a box to select all vertices within the box. The same behavior modifications occur as described above if the CTRL and/or SHIFT keys are pressed when selecting. If you hold down the 'S' key when left clicking, only vertices from already selected lines or areas will be considered.

Pictured below is a screen capture showing a line feature and several of its vertices selected, with a right-click popup menu opened to show the available options.

from the Area, Line, or Point Styles tab of the Configuration dialog to be used when rendering the feature. Alternatively, you can choose the Specify Style to Use When Rendering Feature option and select how you want this feature drawn, independent of the selected Feature Type.

The Feature Attributes selection allows you to edit the attributes that are associated with this feature. The Add File Link(s)... button in this section allows you to easily add attributes that point to files somewhere on disk without having to manually type in the file name. These file links can later be followed from the Feature Information dialog displayed with the Feature Info tool. The Add Time Stamp button allows you to easily add

a TIMESTAMP attribute with a value set to the current system time.

When you add or edit new attributes, the dialog that appears includes drop-downs for both the attribute name and value showing previously entered names and values for easy selection. These values are stored in an easy to edit text file named attr_previous_vals.txt in your setting file path (see Help->About dialog for this location). The format is described in the file so you can set this up initially with values for particular customers if you don't want to wait to have it filled in as it's used.

When more than one area, line, and/or point feature is selected, there is an option on the right-click popup menu allowing you to edit the selected features. Selecting that option displays a dialog dialog which allows you to modify the Name, Feature Type, Feature Layer, and Drawing Style, and Attributes for the selected features.

Deleting/Undeleting Features

Removing an unwanted feature is quite simple. All that you need to do is select the feature(s) that you wish to delete, then either select the Delete option from the right-click popup menu or press the DELETE key. Once you've done that, the feature is marked for deleted and will no longer appear on the display unless the Render Deleted Features option is enabled on the Vector Options tab of the Configuration dialog.

If you decide that you didn't want to delete a feature, simple enable the Render Deleted Features option (see above) to show the deleted features, then select the deleted features and select the Undelete Feature(s) option from the right-click popup menu.

Moving Features

You can move area, line, and point features simply by selecting the feature(s) that you wish to move, then selecting the Move XXX Feature(s) option from the right-click popup menu, or you can simply hold down the ALT key when selecting the feature(s) to move to automatically enter move mode for the selected feature(s)/vertices. Once you've done that, simply hold down the left mouse button and drag the features to the desired new location.

If you'd only like to move the selected feature(s) either horizontally or vertically, you can hold down either the

'X' or 'Y' keys on the keyboard to restrict the movement to that axis. Holding down both keys will move the feature(s) diagonally.

If after moving a feature you decide that you want to undo the move, simply select the feature(s) that you want moved back and select the Restore Original Shape from the right-click popup menu.

If you need to shift/offset selected features a particular distance, you can also simply right click when the feature(s) to move are selected and select the Shift/Offset Selected Feature(s) option. This will bring up a dialog allowing you to specify a distance to shift the selected features by in both the X and Y direction or

some distance along a specified bearing. The bounding coordinates of the feature in the current projection/coordinate system will be displayed at the bottom of the dialog that appears to help you calculate an appropriate shift/offset distance.

Changing the Shape of Area and Line Features

You can change the shape of area and line features in several different ways. You'll first have to enable the Show Area and Line Vertices option (Shift+V is a keyboard shortcut to toggle this setting) before having access to the features described below. You'll also need to select the vertices to work with before performing any of the described operations except inserting new vertices.

The following options are available for reshaping area and line features:

• Edit Length of Area and Line Feature Segments - This option allows you to click on a segment of an

area or line feature and be presented with a dialog showing the length of the segment, which you can

then edit. All vertex locations from the end of the segment on to the end of the line will be adjusted to make the clicked-on segment the specified length. If you also have the option enabled to label each segment with its length on the Vector Display tab of the Configuration dialog then you can just

double-click on a segment to edit its length.

• Move Selected Vertices - This option allows you to move selected vertices to a new location. To do

this, simply hold down the left mouse button and move the vertices to the desired location, then

release the left mouse button. You can continually to refine the location by repeating. Right clicking or pressing the ESC key will complete the operation. Note that while moving a single vertex, you can use the Snapping feature to help align the vertex with existing features. If you'd only like to move the selected vertices either horizontally or vertically, you can hold down either the 'X' or 'Y' keys on the keyboard to restrict the movement to that axis. Holding down both keys will move the vertices diagonally.

• Join Selected Vertices - This option allows you to set multiple vertices to the same location, which is

handy for ensuring that there are no gaps along the seams of features. Once you've selected this

option, hold down the left mouse button and move the vertices to the new desired location, then release the left mouse button. Right click or press the ESC key to complete the operation once you're done. Note that while joining vertices, you can use the Snapping feature to help align the vertices with existing features.

• Deleted Selected Vertices - This option allows you to delete the selected vertices. To quickly do this

without using the right-click menu, the CTRL+Delete hot key will also delete selected vertices.

• Set Position of Selected Vertices - This option displays a dialog allowing you to manually position the

selected vertices by entering their new position in either latitude/longitude coordinates or coordinates

in the currently configured view projection/datum. If the selected vertices are from a 3D line or area feature, you will also be able to set the elevation value to use for the vertex.

• Insert Vertex - This option allows you to insert a new vertex into the selected area or line feature. To

insert the vertex, select the menu option, then left click at the location where you want the new vertex

inserted. The vertex will be inserted on the area or line feature at the clicked location along the nearest segment of the feature. Alternately, if you hold down the SHIFT key while left-clicking the new

vertex will be placed on the selected feature(s) at the nearest location to the click location. You can also use this feature to extend features. The newly created vertices will be automatically selected. If you need to add multiple vertices to the selected feature(s), simply hold down the 'I' key when

left-clicking to place the vertex and you will remain in the insert vertex mode.

• Resample Selected Feature(s) at Specified Spacing - This option is found under the Advanced Feature

Creation Options submenu and allows you to resample your selected area or line feature at a specified

interval. This is useful if you want to add a lot of new vertices along your feature to make reprojection work better or to facilitate smoothing of the feature.

• Simplify (Reduce) Vertices of Selected Feature(s) - This option allows you to automatically remove

vertices that do not significantly contribute to the shape of your selected area or line features. This is

useful to significantly reduce the size of your features without giving up much detail in the shape. When selected you will be presented with an option to specify how different from a straight line a vertex has to be in order to be kept.

• Smooth Selected Line/Area Feature(s) - This option allows you to modify the position of the vertices

of your selected line and area features to smooth the appearance. This can be useful on things like

jagged contour lines to give them a better appearance.

If after modifying the shape of an area or line feature you decide that you want to undo the changes and restore the feature to its original shape, simply select the feature(s) that you want restored and select the Restore Original Shape from the right-click popup menu.

Rotating and Scaling Features

When you have one or more features selected, you can right click and select the Rotate/Scale Selected Features command to bring up the Setup Rotation and Scaling dialog (pictured below). This dialog will allow you to rotate and scale the selected features about a point that you select. If you choose the option to drag to the map to rotate, you will enter rotate mode after pressing Ok on the dialog and can then hold down the left mouse button and drag around to rotate the image graphically to setup the desired position.

Combining Area and Line Features

You can combine overlapping or adjacent area features into a single area feature by first selecting the area features to combine, then selecting the Combine Selected Area Features right-click menu option. Any areas that are succesfully joined into a new one will be marked as deleted.

You can combine multiple line features into a single line feature by first selecting the line features to combine, then selecting the Combine Selected Line Features right-click menu option. This option will connect any lines that you have selected that join at an endpoint. Any lines that are succesfully joined into a new one will be marked as deleted.

When you select the option you will be allowed to setup options for the combine operation, including whether or not the attributes of the lines have to much to be combined, if the lines being joined have to fully close, and whether or not to create multiple areas if the selected lines don't all form a single path.

Finding the Intersection of Multiple Area Features

You can find the intersection of two area features by selecting both features, then right clicking and selecting the Find Intersection of Selected Area Features menu command. This operation will create a new area feature from the intersection of the two selected area features. You will also be prompted to create new area features from what is left outside of the intersection. If you choose this option then the original area features will be marked as deleted once the operation completes successfully.

Cutting Areas From/Adding Islands to Area Features

You can cut one area feature shape out of another area shape, either adjusting the second areas outer boundary or making the first area feature become an island, or hole, within the second area by first selecting the area(s) that you want to cut from another area/make into an island, then right click and select the Cut Selected Area(s) from Another Area (Add Islands) menu option. You will then need to left-click in the area feature that you would like to cut the selected area(s) out of.

Splitting Areas into Two New Area Features

You can split an existing area feature into two new area features by selecting the two vertices across which you would like to split the area, then right clicking and selecting the Split Selected Area at Selected Vertices menu option. This will generate two new area features by splitting the selected area feature across the segment between the two selected vertices. Note in some situations you will get invalid areas or no result at all, so be careful to select vertices for which the connected segment does not cross outside of the area or intersect any island areas.

Cropping Features to Selected Area Features

You can crop any loaded features to one or more selected area features by first selecting the area feature(s) to crop to, then right-clicking and selecting the Crop Loaded Features to Selected Area(s) option. This will display a dialog allowing you to choose which types of features to crop, whether or not to mark the original features as deleted, and what layer to put the cropped results in. Note that any features that are completly enclosed in the cropped area and thus not cropped will just stay in their original layer.

Cropping Line Features to Area Features

You can crop or split selected line features to a selected area feature by right-clicking and selecting the option to Crop/Split Selected Lines to Selected Areas. This will delete any portion of the line feature that lies outside of the selected areas unless you select the Split option, in which case separate lines will be created for the

parts inside and outside the selected area feature(s). Note that the original line will remain available as a deleted feature, so you can recover the original line if needed.

Cropping Area Features to Line Features

You can split selected area features to a selected line feature by right-clicking and selecting the option to Crop Selected Area to Selected Line. This will split the area feature along the selected line boundary. If the line doesn't extend all the way to outside the area, it will be extended to the area bounding box. Note that the original area will remain available as a deleted feature, so you can recover the original area if needed.

Moving Selected Point Features to the Nearest Point on Selected Line Features

You can automatically move selected point features to the nearest point on the selected line feature(s) by selected both line and point features, then right-clicking and and selecting the option to Move Selected Point Features to Selected Lines.

Copying Features (Cut/Copy/Paste)

Occasionally you may wish to make copies of existing features or perhaps move features from one instance of Global Mapper to another. You can easily do this by first selecting the features, then either making a copy of those features (use Edit->Copy Selected Features to Clipboard menu command or Ctrl+C shortcut) or cutting those features to the clipboard (use Edit->Cut Selected Features to Clipboard menu command or Ctrl+X shortcut). Then, simply paste those features into any running instance of Global Mapper using either the

Edit->Paste Features from Clipboard [Ctrl+V shortcut] or Edit->Paste Features from Clipboard (Keep Copy) [Ctrl+Shift+V shortcut], the latter of which keeps the features on the clipboard for additional pasting rather than wiping the clipboard clearn.

Snapping to Existing Features When Drawing

During some operations (i.e. drawing new area or line features or graphically placing a new point feature), the cursor can automatically snap to existing features when you move it near them to facilitate lining up features. This happens by default unless the ALT or V keys are depressed. Pressing the ALT key causes no automatic snapping to occur, while pressing the V key causes only vertices on existing features to be snapped to.

Holding down the P key causes only nearby point features to be snapped to.

Note that you can reverse the automatic snapping behavior so that snapping is disabled by default and holding down the ALT key enables snapping on the Vector Display tab of the Configuration dialog.

ADVANCED USERS: You can customize the pixel radius used when looking for a location on existing features to snap by creating/editing the DWORD registry key 'HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Global Mapper\SnapToPixelRadius'. The default value is 10 pixels. Just create that registry key and provide the distance (in pixels) to search from the cursor location for a location to snap to.

Snapping Vertically/Horizontally When Drawing

When drawing new area or line features or moving existing features, you can use the CTRL and SHIFT keys to cause the next vertex to be snapped vertically or horizontally relative to the last vertex or moved vertically or horiztonally compared to the features current location. Hold down the CTRL key to snap vertically, the SHIFT key to snap horizontally, or both the CTRL and SHIFT keys to snap diagonally.

Un-doing Digitization Operations

During some operations, like drawing new features, you can undo your last placed point by pressing Ctrl+Z.

Displaying Additional Feature Information

Depending on what types of feature are selected and what data is available, additional options may appear on the option menu that appears when right clicking. These additional options are described below.

Adding Elevation Values from Terrain to Features

If gridded elevation data (i.e. DEMs) is loaded and one or more features is selected, the Apply Elevations from Terrain Layers to Selected Features option will appear on the right-click option menu. Selecting this option will add an ELEVATION attribute to each selected point feature containing the elevation value at each point location from the top-most terrain layer at that location. Any selected line or area features that have a valid elevation from loaded terrain at each vertex location will have a set of per-vertex elevations added to the feature containing the elevation at each vertex from the loaded terrain layers.

Generating a 3D Path Profile from a Selected Line or Area Feature

If gridded elevation data (i.e. DEMs) is loaded, the Generate Path Profile From Line option will appear when a single line or area feature is selected. Selecting this option will display the Path Profile/Line of Sight dialog with a 3D path profile of the elevations under the path that the selected feature follows. In addition, if the selected line/area is a 3D feature with per-vertex elevations, those elevations will be displayed as a separate line on the path profile.

Calculating View Sheds at Multiple Point Locations If gridded elevation data (i.e. DEMs) is loaded, the Calculate View Sheds at Selected Point(s) option will appear when one or more point features are selected. Selecting this option will display the View Shed dialog allowing you to setup the parameters for performing a view shed calculation centered on each selected point feature location.

Calculating Elevation Statistics for Selected Features

If gridded elevation data (i.e. DEMs) is loaded and at least one feature is selected, the Calculate Elevation/Slope Stats for Selected Feature(s)... option will appear when right clicking. Selecting this option will examine the loaded terrain within the selected area feature(s) and, if terrain is found within a selected area, add MIN_ELEV, MAX_ELEV, AVG_ELEV, STD_DEV_ELEV, MAX_SLOPE, AVG_SLOPE, and

STD_DEV_SLOPE attributes to the area containing the minimum, maximum, average, and standard deviation of elevation values encountered within the area feature as well as the maximum, average, and standard deviation of the slope values (in degrees) found within the area. For selected line features, the maximum and average slope (in degrees), the total elevation gain and loss along the path, and the maximum slope both up

and down the line (assuming travel from the start of the line to the end) for the line will be computed and added as MAX_SLOPE, MAX_UP_SLOPE, MAX_DOWN_SLOPE, AVG_SLOPE, ELEV_GAIN, and ELEV_LOSS attributes. For selected point features, the ELEVATION, SLOPE, and SLOPE_DIR attributes will be calculated and added for each point that is on a loaded terrain surface.

Calculating Cut-and-Fill Volumes for Area and Line Features

If you have a single area or line feature selected, the Measure Volume option will appear when bringing up the right-click menu. Selecting this option will allow you to calculate cut-and-fill volumes either within the selected area or along the selected line feature. For more information about this operation, see the cut-and-fill section of the Measure Tool help. If you have multiple area features selected you can also calculate the combined cut-and-fill volume of all of the selected area features.

Automatically Inserting Vertices at Line Intersections

If two of more line features are selected, the Insert Vertices and/or Split at Intersections of Selected Features option will appear when right-clicking. Selecting this option will find all intersections between selected line features and allow you to insert new vertices in the selected lines at the intersection locations if there are not already vertices at the intersection and or split the lines at any intersection or only existing at-vertex intersections.

This is a very powerful command allowing you to make a line network have node-to-node connectivity and even make sure that lines terminate at intersections if required for your application. This is commonly used for making routable street maps.

Finding Non-Connected Line Endpoints (i.e. Connectivity Checks)

If two of more line features are selected, the Find Non-Connected Line Endpoints option will appear when right-clicking. Selecting this will display a dialog allowing you to either mark all line endpoints that do not connect to an endpoint (not an interior vertex) of another selected line or those line endpoints that don't connect and are within some distance of another selected line endpoint. This is a very useful feature for allowing easy identification and fixing of connectivity issues within loaded vector data.

Any line endpoints that do not connect based on the selected criteria will be displayed with a blue circle over that endpoint. Once you think you have fixed the connectivity issues at a location, simply re-run the command to find the non-connected line endpoints to update the display of the blue circles (they are not automatically updated as you join line endpoints).

Finding Nearby Points

If two of more point features are selected, the Find Selected Points Within ??? Meters of Other Selected Points option will appear when right-clicking. Selecting this will display a dialog allowing you to specify a search distance. Any selected point features that are within the specified search distance of another selected point feature will be displayed with a blue circle over that point. If you delete or move some points to remove duplicates (the primary use of this tool), simply re-run the command to find the to update the display of the blue circles (they are not automatically updated as you edit the data).

Flattening Terrain Using Area Features

If one or more area features are selected, the Advanced Feature Creation Options->Create/Flatten Terrain from Selected Area Feature(s) option will appear when right-clicking. Selecting this option will allow you to create a new elevation grid covering the selected area features that has all points within the selected area feature(s) set to the elevation of those area features. Any portions of the new elevation grid outside of the area features will be set to invalid, allowing any underlying terrain to show through. If you also select the option that elevations are relative to the height of any underlying terrain, the new terrain surface will have heights equal to the original height of the terrain at each sample location within the area offset by the elevation value of the area feature. This functionality is useful for adjusting all elevation values within an area by some amount (the area elevation).

This feature provides a very easy way to do things like flatten an area, like a lake, in underlying terrain layers. Just assign an ELEVATION attribute to your area feature, then select it and choose this option to flatten everything inside that area to the elevation attribute value. This is also a nice way to create an elevation grid representing a city-scape from building outlines with ELEVATION attributes.

Adding Address Information to Points from Nearby Road Features

If one or more point features are selected, the Add Address Information from Roads to Selected Point(s) option will appear when right-clicking. Selecting this option will cause each point to be examined to find the nearest line feature, and, if it contains addressing information, for the address of the nearest point on the line to the point feature to be stored as address attributes with the point feature. A dialog will appear to prompt you for how far from each point that you want to search for a line feature with addressing information.

The following attribute names for line features are recognized as containing address information:

• FR_ADDR_R, R_FROM_ADR - starting address number on the right side of the road

• FR_ADDR_L, L_FROM_ADR - starting address number on the left side of the road

• TO_ADDR_R, R_TO_ADR - ending address number on the right side of the road

• TO_ADDR_L, L_TO_ADR - ending address number on the left side of the road

• PLACE_R, R_CITY - city or town on the right side of the road

• PLACE_L, L_CITY - city or town on the left side of the road

• STATE_R, R_STATE - state or province on the right side of the road

• STATE_L, L_STATE - state or province on the left side of the road

• ZIP_R, R_ZIP, R_PCODE - postal code on right side of road

• ZIP_L, L_ZIP, L_PCODE - postal code on left side of road

• COUNTRY_R, R_COUNTRY - country on right side of the road

• COUNTRY_L, L_COUNTRY - country on left side of the road

• PARITY_R, R_PARITY - numeric parity value on right side of road. A value of 1 means odd parity

(addresses are all odd), a value of 2 means even parity (address are all even), and a value of 3 means

there is not parity (addresses can be even and odd). For any other value the parity will be automatically determined.

• PARITY_L, L_PARITY - numeric parity value on left side of road. A value of 1 means odd parity

(addresses are all odd), a value of 2 means even parity (address are all even), and a value of 3 means

there is not parity (addresses can be even and odd). For any other value the parity will be automatically determined.

Only the start and end address number are absolutely required for the side of a road to have addressing, in addition to the road having a name.

Adding Coordinate Attributes to Point Features

If one or more point features are selected, the Add Coordinate Attributes to Selected Point(s) option will appear when right-clicking. Selecting this option will cause X and Y attributes to be added (or updated if they already exist) to the selected points with the value being the coordinates of the points in the current projection system.

Adding Attributes to Features from Other Features

There are multiple ways to assign attributes to features from other features. This includes, applying attributes to areas from points in those areas, applying attributes to points from the area they are in, and applying attributes to lines from area features they are in. Each of these options is further described below.

If one or more area features are selected, the Add Attributes to Selected Areas from Points option will appear when right-clicking. Selecting this option will cause Global Mapper to search for any point features within each area and, if found, add the attributes from the included point feature to the area's attribute list. If multiple points are found within the area the user is prompted whether or not to use the attribute data.

If one or more point features are selected, the Add Attributes to Selected Points from Areas option will appear when right-clicking. Selecting this option will cause Global Mapper to search for the top-most area feature with attributes that each point feature is in and, if found, add the attributes from that area to the point's attribute list.

If one or more point features are selected, the Add Attributes to Selected Points from Lines option will appear when right-clicking. Selecting this option will cause Global Mapper to search for the nearest line feature (within the specified search distance) with attributes and, if found, add the attributes from that line to the point's attribute list.

If one or more line features are selected, the Add Attributes to Selected Lines from Areas option will appear when right-clicking. Selecting this option will cause Global Mapper to search for the top-most area feature with attributes that each line feature is in and, if found, add the attributes from that area to the line's attribute list.

Counting Features Contained within Area Features

If one or more area features are selected, the Add Attributes with Count of Points and Lines in Selected Area(s)... option will appear in the right-click menu. Selecting this option will count the number of point and line features completely contained within each selected area and add the counts for each area to the attribute list for the area as LINE_COUNT and POINT_COUNT attributes. This can be handy for doing something like counting all of the points within the loaded areas, then setting up the drawing style for the areas based on the new POINT_COUNT attribute on the Area Styles tab of the Options dialog for the layer that the areas are in, so you can color based on how many points were in each area.

Converting Areas with Islands to Single Vertex List

If one or more area features with separate islands/holes within them are selected, the Create Single Vertex List Area From Selected Area(s) With Islands option will appear in the Advanced Feature Creation sub-menu of the right-click menu. When selected, this option will connect all of the islands/holes within the selected parent areas into a single vertex list and replace the original parent/island area with a new area that contains just that single vertex list. This is useful for converting areas with islands into a form that software that cannot handle areas with holes can make use of.

GPS Menu

The GPS Menu offers the following commands:

• Start Tracking GPS

• Stop Tracking GPS

• Keep the Vessel On-Screen

• Show Course Line

• Draw Range Ring Around Vessel

• Vessel Color

• Vessel Size

• Vessel Shape

• Setup...

• Information...

• Manage GPS Vessels...

• View NMEA Data Log...

• Mark Waypoint

• Mark Waypoint from Averaged Position

• Clear Tracklog

• Record Tracklog

• Save Tracklog

• Simplify (Reduce) Tracklogs when Saved

• Send Raster Maps to Connected Garmin Device

Global Mapper provides the ability to track the position of a serial GPS device connected to your computer's serial port (or USB via a serial-to-USB convertor) or a Garmin USB GPS device connected to your computer's USB port in real-time over the top of any loaded mapping data. For serial GPS devices, the GPS device must communicate in either NMEA-0183 v2.x or Garmin binary format in order to be compatible with Global Mapper.

When tracking a GPS device, you can mark the current location as a waypoint. You can also choose to record a bread-crumb trail, or tracklog, of where you have gone.

Below is a sample screen capture of what Global Mapper looks like when tracking a GPS device over loaded data. In the sample, 30-m SDTS DEM data is loaded as a backdrop with Tiger 2002 data loaded on top. You can see the GPS vessel location and the tracklog of where the vessel has been. The GPS Information dialog displays current GPS status information.

If the Show Course Line option is checked, a line will be drawn from the GPS vessel in the direction that the

GPS is headed.

Draw Range Ring Around Vessel

If the Draw Range Ring Around Vessel option is checked, a range ring some user-specified radius in size will be drawn around the GPS vessel.

Mark Waypoint

Use the Mark Waypoint or Mark Waypoint from Averaged Positioncommand to save a point feature at the current GPS location. When selected, this command will display a dialog allowing you to specify any additional desired attributes and/or drawing styles that you would like to associate with the waypoint.

If you select the Averaged Position option, Global Mapper will start averaging locations received until you choose to stop averaging, at which point you will be presented with the dialog described above. Averaging is useful if you need a very accurate position for your waypoint.

Any created waypoint features will be added to the user features layer, which appears in the Overlay Control

Center. The waypoint features can be exported to any of the supported vector export formats. Vessel Color

The Vessel Color command allows you to control what color the GPS vessel is displayed in. Vessel Size

The Vessel Size submenu options allow you to control how large you would like the GPS vessel to be on screen.

Vessel Shape

The Vessel Shape submenu options allow you to control the shape of the GPS vessel on screen. Setup...

The Setup command displays the GPS Setup dialog (pictured below). The GPS Setup dialog allows you to tell Global Mapper what port your GPS device is connected to your computer on and what format the GPS device is communicating in. Make sure that you have your GPS device set to NMEA-0183 v2.x or Garmin mode. There is also an Auto-Detect option which will cause Global Mapper to try and automatically determine your GPS device's settings when you start tracking the device. You can also specify that you would like to read GPS information from a text file containing NMEA-0183 sentences. The Data Logging section allows you to setup logging of the incoming GPS information to new text files. You can choose to log decoded position information (including latitude and longitude, elevation/depth, speed, heading, and time) in addition to raw NMEA data strings for connected NMEA GPS devices.

displayed.

• Set Device Display Name - Sets the name to use for the selected GPS device when displaying it on

the map display and in the device list.

• Set Device Display Font - Allows you to select the font to use when displaying the name of the

selected device on the map.

You can also right-click on the device list to get additional options, including the ability to set text to display when hovering over the device with the mouse cursor on the map, as well as the ability to group the devices and set styles by group.

View NMEA Data Log

The View NMEA Data Log command will display the NMEA GPS Logging dialog (pictured below). This dialog displays a list of recently received NMEA sentences when tracking a connected GPS device in NMEA mode. This is a useful diagnostic tool and also allows you to save received NMEA data to a file for later playback.

Clear Tracklog

If you are currently recording a tracklog of where your GPS device has been, the Clear Tracklog command will clear whatever is currently recorded that has not yet been saved using the Save Tracklog command.

Record Tracklog

The Record Tracklog command controls whether or not a bread-crumb trail (i.e. tracklog) will be recorded to log where the GPS device has traveled. This tracklog can be saved to any of the supported vector export formats. The drawing style of the tracklog can be configured on the Line Styles tab of the Configuration dialog.

Save Tracklog

The Save Tracklog command will save the currently record tracklog to a permanent line feature. When selected, this command will display a dialog allowing you to specify any additional desired attributes and/or drawing styles that you would like to associate with the tracklog. In addition, any extraneous points that do not contribute to the shape of the tracklog will be automatically removed to save space.

Any saved tracklog features will be added to the user features layer, which appears in the Overlay Control

Center. The saved tracklog features can be exported to any of the supported vector export formats. Simplify (Reduce) Tracklogs when Saved

The Simplify (Reduce) Tracklogs when Saved command controls whether or not recording GPS track logs are simplified (reduced) when saved or whether all recorded points are kept. If this option is checked, any points which do not significantly contribute to the shape of the recorded track log will be removed to conserve memory.

Send Raster Maps to Connected Garmin Device

The Send Raster Maps to Connected Garmin Device is a very powerful option that allows you to send any type of loaded data to a connected Garmin device for display as raster maps on your handheld Garmin device. Currently only a few Garmin GPS devices geared towards outdoor use, like the Colorado, Dakota, and Oregon series with updated software, support the display of custom raster maps, although it is likely in the future additional Garmin devices will support this type of display.

When you select the menu command, the Garmin Raster Export Options dialog (pictured below) is displayed allowing you to configure the export. You can control the resolution (sample spacing) of the export, the quality setting for the JPG files that are embedded in the output files for display on the GPS device, and several other options.

You can also control the format used. The default is the Google Earth KMZ format which is official supported by Garmin, but is limited in terms of how much area you can cover with the data. The other option (new in v14) is the Garmin JNX format. This format allows much larger areas to be covered by using the same method that is used for the Garmin BirdsEye imagery. It can also be faster to display, than KMX, but is more locked down. It appears that Garmin devices allow small JNX files to display just fine without a BirdsEye subscription. Larger files though require you to have a BirdsEye subscription from Garmin and you must use Garmin's BaseCamp software to pull in the JNX from the device, then send it back to the device to unlock it

for the device so it can display. Prior to doing that you will get an error about having an Invalid JNX file on

the device. There are some firmware hacks out there to get around this locking mechanism, but only use this if you are comfortable voiding your warranty for your Garmin device.

The KMZ format maps should be saved on the device in the '/Garmin/CustomMaps' folder, while the JNX files should be saved in the 'Garmin/BirdsEye' folder. If your device is connected when you start the export the default export folder should be in the appropriate location.

Scripting Language Reference

Contents

• General Overview

• Batch Mode Operation

• Comments

• Commands

♦ ADD_MEASURE_ATTRS - Adds/Updates Measure Attributes to Features in a Layer

♦ ASSIGN_TYPE - Deprecated, Use EDIT_VECTOR Instead

♦ CALC_ATTR - Calculate a New Attribute Value Based on Existing Attribute(s) and a

Second Value

♦ COMBINE_LINES - Combines Connected Line Features Into New Lines or Areas Based on

Attribute Values

♦ COMBINE_TERRAIN - Combines Two Loaded Terrain Layers to Generate a New Terrain

Layer

♦ DEFINE_PROJ - Define a Projection for Later Use

♦ DEFINE_SHAPE - Define a Shape (i.e. Polygon) for Later Use

♦ DEFINE_VAR - Define a Variable for Later Use

♦ DIR_LOOP_END - Ends a Loop of Commands Over Files in a Directory

♦ DIR_LOOP_START - Start a Loop of Commands Over Files in a Directory

♦ EDIT_MAP_CATALOG - Creates or Edits a Map Catalog

♦ EDIT_VECTOR - Edit Loaded Vector Features that Match a Type/Name/Attribute Query

♦ EMBED_SCRIPT - Runs Another Script File Within This Script

♦ EXPORT_ELEVATION - Export Elevation Data to a File

♦ EXPORT_METADATA - Export Metadata for a Layer to a File

♦ EXPORT_PACKAGE - Export Data to a Global Mapper Package File

♦ EXPORT_PDF - Export Data to a PDF File

♦ EXPORT_RASTER - Export Raster and Elevation Data to a File

♦ EXPORT_VECTOR - Export Vector Data to a File

♦ FORCE_EXIT - Forces Global Mapper to Immediately Exit with a Return Code

♦ GENERATE_CONTOURS - Generate Contours from Elevation Data

♦ GENERATE_ELEV_GRID - Generates an Elevation Grid from Loaded 3D Vector Data

♦ GENERATE_EQUAL_VAL_AREAS - Generates Area Features from Equal Values in

Elevation/Terrain Layers

♦ GENERATE_LAYER_BOUNDS - Generates a Layer with Bounding Area Features for each

Loaded Layer

♦ GENERATE_PATH_PROFILE - Generate a 3D Path Profile and Save it to a XYZ File

♦ GENERATE_REPORT - Generates a Report on the Loaded Vector Features

♦ GENERATE_WATERSHED - Generate Watershed from Elevation Data

♦ GLOBAL_MAPPER_SCRIPT - Script Header Line

♦ IMPORT - Import Data From a File

♦ IMPORT_ARCHIVE - Import Data From an Archive File (.zip, .tar.gz, etc.)

♦ IMPORT_ASCII - Import Generic ASCII Data from a File

♦ IMPORT_DIR_TREE - Import All Data Files in a Directory Tree

♦ IMPORT_TERRASERVER - Deprecated, Terraserver-USA/MSRMAPS.COM Servers

Down as of May 1, 2012

♦ IMPORT_WMS - Import WMS Layer

♦ JOIN_TABLE - Joins Attributes from a File to a loaded Vector Layer

♦ LAYER_LOOP_END - Ends a Loop of Commands Over Loaded Layers

♦ LAYER_LOOP_START - Start a Loop of Commands Over Loaded Layers

♦ LOAD_PROJECTION - Loads a New Global Projection From a PRJ File

♦ LOAD_STYLE_FILE - Loads a Style/Type File (.gm_style)

♦ LOAD_TYPE_FILTER - Loads a Type Filter from a GMF (Global Mapper Filter) File

♦ PLAY_SOUND - Plays a Beep or a Specified Sound File

♦ RESTORE_LAST_SAVED_VIEW - Restores Last Saved View

♦ RUN_COMMAND - Runs a Command Line

♦ SAVE_CURRENT_VIEW - Saves Current View

♦ SAVE_PROJECTION - Saves the Current Global Projection to a PRJ File

♦ SET_BG_COLOR - Sets the Background Color

♦ SET_LAYER_OPTIONS - Updates Display Options of Loaded Layer

♦ SET_LOG_FILE - Sets the Name of the Log File

♦ SET_VERT_DISP_OPTS - Sets the Vertical Display Options

♦ SHOW_3D_VIEW - Displays the 3D View Window

♦ UNLOAD_ALL - Unloads All Currently Loaded Data

♦ UNLOAD_LAYER - Unloads a Single Layer

♦ VAR_LOOP_END - Ends a Loop of Commands Over a Range of Values

♦ VAR_LOOP_START - Start a Loop of Commands Over a Range of Numeric Values

• Special Parameter Types

♦ Attribute Names

♦ Projection Specification

• Samples

♦ Crop, Merge, and Reproject 4 USGS DRGs into new GeoTIFF and JPEG files

♦ Generate Contours from all USGS DEMs in a Folder and Export them to DXF and Shape

files

♦ Reclassify Features Based on an Attribute and Display Label

General Overview

Global Mapper script files allow the user to create custom batch processes that make use of the functionality built in to Global Mapper. From a script, one can import data in any of the numerous formats supported by the software, reproject that data if desired, and export it to a new file.

Global Mapper script files consist of a series of command lines. Each command line begins with a command. A series of parameter/value pairs should follow the command. These pairs should be written as parameter=value. No spaces should exist before or after the equal sign. Individual parameter/value pairs should be separated by spaces. If a pair requires spaces internal to the value, quotes may be used around the entire value. For example, for a filename with spaces, the pair could look like FILENAME="c:\\my documents\\test.tif". Parameters that expect a value of YES or NO to enable or disable functionality can (starting with v13.1) be enabled with just the parameter name. So rather than saying FLAG_PARAM_NAME=YES, you can just say FLAG_PARAM_NAME to get the same behavior as specifying yes.

Command lines typically consist of one line each. To extend a command to another line, use the backslash character (\) at the end of the line. There are a few exceptions to this, including the DEFINE_PROJ and DEFINE_SHAPE commands and the looping functionality provided by the DIR_LOOP_START and DIR_LOOP_END commands.

Batch Mode Operation

You can run a Global Mapper script file automatically be passing it on the command line to the Global Mapper .exe file. The script file will be run with no user interface displayed and Global Mapper will immediately exit when the script file completes processing. This allows you to easily run Global Mapper scripts from another application or from a DOS batch file. Note that your script files need to have an extension of .gms for this to work.

Comments

Any lines that begin with the forward slash character (/) are considered comments and are ignored by the

script processing engine. This means that you can use C or C++ style comments like // or /* at the start of your line.

ADD_MEASURE_ATTRS

The ADD_MEASURE_ATTRS command allows you to add/update feature measure attributes to all of the line and area features in a loaded vector layer.

The following parameters are supported by the command:

• FILENAME - filename of the layer to update. If an empty value is passed in, all layers that were

created by the script, such as those from a GENERATE_CONTOURS command, will be updated.

You can also pass in the value 'USER CREATED FEATURES' when running a script in the context of the main map view or loading a workspace to have the 'User Created Features' layer updated.

CALC_ATTR

The CALC_ATTR command allows you to calculate a new attribute value (or update the value for an existing attribute) for features in a layer based on a source attribute (including things like the feature label or type) and a second value. The second value can be a specified string or number, or the value from another attribute of

the feature.

The following parameters are supported by the command:

• FILENAME - filename of the layer to update. If an empty value is passed in, all loaded vector layers

will be updated. You can also pass in the value 'USER CREATED FEATURES' when running a

script in the context of the main map view or loading a workspace to have the 'User Created Features' layer updated. If you don't pass anything in all vector layers will be operated on.

• TYPE - specifies what type of operation to use when assigning the new attribute value.

♦ COPY - copies the source attribute value into the new attribute

♦ ADD - numerically adds the second value to the source value and saves the result into the

new attribute

♦ SUBTRACT - numerically subtracts the second value from the source value and saves the

result into the new attribute

♦ MULTIPLY - numerically multiplies the second value by the source value and saves the

result into the new attribute

♦ DIVIDE - numerically divides the source value by the the second value and saves the result

into the new attribute

♦ APPEND - appends the second value (as a string) to the source value and saves the result into

the new attribute. The SEP_STR parameter defined below is used to separate the second

value from the source.

♦ PREPEND - prepends the second value (as a string) to the source value and saves the result

into the new attribute The SEP_STR parameter defined below is used to separate the second

value from the source.

• NEW_ATTR - specifies the attribute value to create or update. See special Attribute Name parameter

details.

• SOURCE_ATTR - specifies the attribute value to start with when creating the new attribute. See

special Attribute Name parameter details.

• VALUE_ATTR - specifies the attribute value to use as the 2nd value of the calculation. See special

Attribute Name parameter details.

• VALUE - specifies the value to use as the 2nd value of the calculation. For numeric operations this

must be a number.

• SEP_STR - specifies the string to use to separate the source attribute and 2nd value when appending

or prepending text. If not provided the default is no separator at all.

Here is a sample of creating a new elevation attribute in feet from an elevation attribute (ELEV_M) in meters, including with an appended unit string.

GLOBAL_MAPPER_SCRIPT VERSION=1.00

// Create new ELEV_FT attribute with attribute in feet in any loaded layers

CALC_ATTR TYPE="MULTIPLY" NEW_ATTR="ELEV_FT" SOURCE_ATTR="ELEV_MT" VALUE="3.2808"

// Append the unit name to the new attribute

CALC_ATTR TYPE="APPEND" NEW_ATTR="ELEV_FT" SOURCE_ATTR="ELEV_FT" VALUE=" ft"

COMBINE_LINES

The COMBINE_LINES command allows you to combine connected lines features based on one or more attribute or label values. You can choose to combines in just a single loaded layer or in all loaded vector laeyrs. You can either create new line features from the connected lines, or using the CREATE_AREAS_FROM_LINES parameter instead create new area features by connecting the lines into closed shapes. The newly created features will be placed in a new layer and have the current projection. If creating lines, any lines that are connected to another line will be marked as deleted. You can also supply multiple COMPARE_STR parameters to apply multiple criteria, all of which must be true, in order for the lines to be considering for combining.

The following parameters are supported by the command:

• CREATE_AREAS_FROM_LINES - controls whether or not area features will be created from

connected lines or just new line features. The default is CREATE_AREAS_FROM_LINES=NO. Use

CREATE_AREAS_FROM_LINES=YES to create new areas rather than lines.

• FILENAME - filename of the layer to assign types to. If an empty value is passed in, all loaded vector

layers will be updated. You can also pass in the value 'USER CREATED FEATURES' when running

a script in the context of the main map view or loading a workspace to have the 'User Created

Features' layer updated.

• COMPARE_STR - specifies a comparison operation to perform to see if a line feature is one that

needs to be considered. The format is attr_name=attr_value or attr_name!=attr_value (for equals and

not equals comparisons respectively). For example if you have an attribute named CFCC and you want to match when the value of that attribute starts with an 'A', you can use COMPARE_STR="CFCC=A*" as your parameter. You can add multiple COMPARE_STR parameters to a single command to combine multiple criteria for your search. If you would like to compare against a feature label rather than an attribute, use <Feature Name> for your attribute name. To compare against a feature type name rather than an attribute, use <Feature Type> for your attribute name. To compare against the feature description, use <Feature Desc> for your attribute name. If you just want all lines features from the specified layer(s), just don't specify a COMPARE_STR value.

You can also use <Feature Layer Name> to specify a match against a layer name that will support wildcards.

• CASE_SENSITIVE - specifies whether or not text comparisons are case sensitive or not. Use

CASE_SENSITIVE=YES to enable, by default comparisons are not case sensitive.

• LAYER_DESC - specifies the name to assign to the newly generated layer containing the connected

line features. If no layer description is provided, the default name of "Combined Lines" will be used.

• COMPATIBLE_ONLY - specifies whether or not any connecting lines should be combined (the

default) or just those which have compatible types and attributes. Use COMPATIBLE_ONLY=YES

to enable combining only compatible lines.

• CLOSED_LINES_ONLY - specifies whether or not any connected lines have to form a closed shape

in order to create an area when generating area features. Use CLOSED_LINES_ONLY=YES to

enable requiring closed paths.

• CREATE_MULTIPLE_AREAS - specifies whether multiple area features can be created if the lines

don't all connect to each other. This is enabled by default, use CREATE_MULTIPLE_AREAS=NO

to disable this and require all matching lines to connect in a single path before creating an area.

COMBINE_TERRAIN

The COMBINE_TERRAIN command generates a new terrain (gridded elevation) layer by combining two loaded terrain layers through some operation, like addition, subtraction (difference), average, min/max, etc. The new terrain layer can then be operated on just like any other terrain layer.

The following parameters are used by the COMBINE_TERRAIN command:

• LAYER1_FILENAME - full path and filename of the first loaded terrain layer to use. You can also

pass in the full description of the loaded layer to use in case you want to use a layer not loaded from a

file.

• LAYER2_FILENAME - full path and filename of the second loaded terrain layer to use. You can also

pass in the full description of the loaded layer to use in case you want to use a layer not loaded from a

file.

• COMBINE_OP - defines the operation to perform when combining the layers. The following

operations are supported:

♦ ADD - adds the values from the first layer to the second

♦ SUBTRACT_SIGNED - subtracts the values of the second layer from the first and saves the

signed result.

♦ SUBTRACT_UNSIGNED - subtracts the values of the second layer from the first and saves

the magnitude of the result.

♦ AVERAGE - saves the average of the values from the first and second layers.

♦ MINIMUM - saves the smaller of the values from the first and second layers.

♦ MAXIMUM - saves the larger of the values from the first and second layers.

♦ MULTIPLY - multiplies the values from the first and second layers. If one or both of the

values is missing, the sample is marked as invalid.

♦ DIVIDE - divides the value from the first layer by the value in the second layer. If one or both

of the values is missing or if the second value is 0, the sample is marked as invalid.

♦ FILTER_KEEP_FIRST - saves the first layer value if the second layer value is valid.

♦ FILTER_KEEP_FIRST_IF_GT_SECOND - saves the first layer value if the second layer

value is valid and the first layer value is greater than the second layer value.

♦ FILTER_KEEP_FIRST_IF_LT_SECOND - saves the first layer value if the second layer

value is valid and the first layer value is less than the second layer value.

♦ FILTER_KEEP_FIRST_IF_SECOND_GT_VAL - saves the first layer value if the second

layer value is valid and the second layer value is greater than the value provided with the

COMPARE_VAL parameter

♦ FILTER_KEEP_FIRST_IF_SECOND_LT_VAL - saves the first layer value if the second

layer value is valid and the second layer value is less than the value provided with the

COMPARE_VAL parameter

• COMPARE_VAL - provides a numeric vlaue to compare against for some of the combine operations

above.

• LAYER_DESC - specifies the name to assign to the newly generated terrain layer. If no layer

description is provided, the default name of "Combined Elevation Grid" will be used.

• ELEV_UNITS - specify elevation units to use in new terrain layer

♦ FEET - export in US feet

♦ DECIFEET - export in 10ths of US feet

♦ METERS - export in meters

♦ DECIMETERS - export in 10ths of meters

♦ CENTIMETERS - export in centimeters

• SPATIAL_RES - specifies spatial resolution. Defaults to the minimum spatial resolution of the two

layers if not specified. Should be formatted as x_resolution,y_resolution. The units are the units of the

current global projection. For example, if UTM was the current global projection and you wanted to export at 30 meter spacing, the parameter/value pair would look like SPATIAL_RES=30.0,30.0. You can also specify as a percentage of the default resolution by adding a percent. For example to get half the detail your double the spatial resolution value, so you would use SPATIAL_RES="200%,200%".

• SPATIAL_RES_METERS - specifies spatial resolution to use in meters. The value in meters will

automatically be converted to the curent view/export projection units. For example, to do an export at

2.0 meter spacing (or as close as you can get to that in the current units), use SPATIAL_RES_METERS=2.0, or to do an export at 1.0 meters in X by 1.5 meters in Y, use SPATIAL_RES_METERS="1.0,1.5".

• GLOBAL_BOUNDS - specifies the combine bounds in units of the current global projection. There

should be 4 values in a comma-delimited list following the parameter name. The values should be in

order of minimum x, minimum y, maximum x, maximum y.

• GLOBAL_BOUNDS_SIZE - specifies the combine bounds in units of the current global projection.

There should be 4 values in a comma-delimited list following the parameter name. The values should

be in order of minimum x, minimum y, width in x, width in y.

• LAT_LON_BOUNDS - specifies the combine bounds in latitude/longitude degrees. There should be

4 values in a comma-delimited list following the parameter name. The values should be in order of

westmost longitude, southernmost latitude, easternmost longitude, northernmost latitude.

• LAYER_BOUNDS - specifies that the operation should use the bounds of the loaded layer(s) with the

given filename. For example, to export to the bounds of the file "c:\test.tif", you would use

LAYER_BOUNDS="c:\test.tif". Keep in mind that the file must be currently loaded.

• LAYER_BOUNDS_EXPAND - specifies that the operation should expand the used

LAYER_BOUNDS bounding box by some amount. The amount to expand the bounding rectangle by

should be specified in the current global projection. For example, if you have a UTM/meters projection active and want to expand the bounds retrieved from the LAYER_BOUNDS parameter by

100 meters on the left and right, and 50 meters on the top and bottom, you could use LAYER_BOUNDS_EXPAND="100.0,50.0". You can also specify a single value to apply to all 4 sides, or supply 4 separate values in the order left,top,right,bottom.

• FILL_GAPS - specifies that small gaps in between and within the data sets being combined will be

filled in by interpolating the surrounding data to come up with an elevation for the point in question.

This option is off by default, specify FILL_GAPS=NO to turn off.

• POLYGON_CROP_FILE - specifies the full path and filename of a vector file containing a polygon

feature to which the operation should be cropped. If multiple polygons are found in the specified file

the polygon which has the largest intersection with the data to be combined will be used as the crop polygon (see POLYGON_CROP_USE_ALL or POLYGON_CROP_USE_EACH for exceptions).

• POLYGON_CROP_NAME - specifies the name of a polygon shape previously defined using the

DEFINE_SHAPE command to which the export should be cropped. The coordinates in the shape

need to have been provided in whatever projection the new terrain layer will be in (i.e. the current projection).

• POLYGON_CROP_USE_ALL - specifies that if a POLYGON_CROP_FILE is specified that

contains multiple polygons, the operation will be cropped to all polygons in that file rather than just

the best-fit polygon.

• POLYGON_CROP_USE_EACH - specifies that if a POLYGON_CROP_FILE is specified that

contains multiple polygons, the operation will generate a separate export for each polygons in that file

rather than just the best-fit polygon. See the POLYGON_CROP_BBOX_ONLY and POLYGON_CROP_NAME_ATTR options for naming and other options when using this parameter. Use POLYGON_CROP_USE_EACH=YES to enable.

• POLYGON_CROP_BBOX_ONLY - specifies that if the POLYGON_CROP_USE_EACH parameter

is specified that each export should just be cropped to the bounding box of each polygon rather than

the actual boundary of the polygon. Use POLYGON_CROP_BBOX_ONLY=YES to enable only cropping to the bounding box.

• POLYGON_CROP_NAME_ATTR - used to control the filenames generated when cropping to

multiple polygons using the POLYGON_CROP_USE_EACH parameter. This should be the actual

name of the attribute from the polygon features to use for naming, or the special values <Area Display Label> or <Area Source Filename>. If no value is provided, the exported files will be sequentially numbered.

• POLYGON_CROP_FOLDER_ATTR - used to control the filenames generated when cropping to

multiple polygons using the POLYGON_CROP_USE_EACH parameter. This should be the actual

name of the attribute from the polygon features to use as a folder name before the actual filename or the special values <Area Display Label>.

DEFINE_PROJ

The DEFINE_PROJ command allows a projection (including datum) to be associated with a name. The projection name can then be used in later IMPORT, IMPORT_ARCHIVE, IMPORT_ASCII, and LOAD_PROJECTION commands to specify a projection as needed.

The DEFINE_PROJ command consists of a single command line followed by a series of lines describing the projection in the format of an ESRI PRJ file. The easiest way to determine the text for a projection is to setup a projection on the Projection tab of the Tools->Configuration and then use the Save to File button to create a new .prj file. Then just open the .prj file up in Notepad and copy the contents to the lines following the DEFINE_PROJ command line.

The DEFINE_PROJ command is terminated with a single line containing only the text END_DEFINE_PROJ.

For a sample of the DEFINE_PROJ command in use, load some data and then save a Global Mapper workspace file from the File->Save Workspace menu command. Open the resulting .gmw file in an editor and you can see how the DEFINE_PROJ command is used to define a view projection and the set it.

The following parameters are required by the DEFINE_PROJ command.

• PROJ_NAME - specifies the name to associate with the projection

DEFINE_SHAPE

The DEFINE_SHAPE command allows a multi-point shape (like a polygon) to be associated with a name. The projection name can then be used in later commands for things like cropping and feathering to polygonal boundaries.

The DEFINE_SHAPE command consists of a single command line followed by a series of lines describing the series of XY coordinate pairs that define the shape. Each line should have a single coordinate value with the X and Y coordinates separated by a comma.

The DEFINE_SHAPE command is terminated with a single line containing only the text

END_DEFINE_SHAPE.

The following parameters are required by the DEFINE_SHAPE command.

• SHAPE_NAME - specifies the name to associate with the shape

Here is an example of a DEFINE_SHAPE command used to define a feather polygon with a name of

'FEATHER_POLY'

DEFINE_SHAPE SHAPE_NAME="FEATHER_POLY"

377493.234,4323974.016

375343.359,4318676.109

381101.953,4314414.750

387014.109,4317178.875

386975.719,4322400.000

381869.766,4324588.266

377493.234,4323974.016

END_DEFINE_SHAPE

DEFINE_VAR

The DEFINE_VAR command allows you to define a variable and an associated value. You can then use the defined variable name later wrapped in percent signs to have the defined value replaced in the script. This is useful for things like defining a path or something at the top of a script that you can easily change in just one place later.

The following parameters are required by the DEFINE_VAR command.

• NAME - specifies the variable name

• VALUE - specifies the variable value

• REPLACE_STR - specifies a text value to replace inside the value with something else. This is

typically used inside a DIR_LOOP_START...DIR_LOOP_END loop where the VALUE contains

other variables. The format is REPLACE_STR="old_value=new_value". See example below.

• PROMPT - specifies that the user should be prompted to enter the value for the variable rather than

specifying it with the VALUE parameter. Very useful for developing interactive scripts. Use

PROMPT_TEXT to specify the text displayed in the prompt dialog. Use PROMPT=YES to enable.

• PROMPT_TEXT - specifies the text to show if PROMPT=YES is provided

Here is an example of a DEFINE_VAR command used to define a directory path for later use and then its subsequent use:

DEFINE_VAR NAME="DATA_DIR" VALUE="c:\temp\export test" IMPORT FILENAME="%DATA_DIR%\blue_springs.opt"

For example you could use the following inside a directory loop to change the output path:

DEFINE_VAR NAME="OUT_FNAME" VALUE="%FNAME_W_DIR%" REPLACE_STR="OLD_PATH\=NEW_PATH\SUB_FOLDER\"

DIR_LOOP_END

The DIR_LOOP_END command ends a loop of commands over all of the folders within a directory. See the

DIR_LOOP_START command for details.

DIR_LOOP_START

The DIR_LOOP_START command begins a loop of commands over all of the folders within a directory (and optionally its subdirectories) that match one or more filename masks. This is a powerful feature allowing you to do things like easily batch convert a collection of files or perform any other supported operation over a collection of files. You end a loop over the files in a folder using the DIR_LOOP_END command. Note that it is also possible to nest loops.

For any commands found within a DIR_LOOP_START...DIR_LOOP_END pair defining a loop, the following special character sequences can be used anywhere (examples of what the values will be based on a current filename of 'C:\data\my_file.dem' are listed):

• %DIR% - full path to current file (value is 'C:\data\')

• %FNAME_W_DIR% - full path and filename of current file (value is 'C:\data\my_file.dem')

• %FNAME% - filename of current file (value is 'my_file.dem')

• %FNAME_WO_EXT% - filename of current file without extension (value is 'my_file')

• %PARENT_DIR% - name of parent directory of file (value is 'data')

For a sample of the DIR_LOOP_START command in use, see the example at the bottom of this reference. The following parameters are used by the DIR_LOOP_START command.

• DIRECTORY - specifies the directory to search for files in. If you leave this blank, the operation will

be based in the current folder.

• FILENAME_MASKS - space-separated list of filename masks to import. If no value is provided then

all files will be used. If you provide ".." as the mask, you will enter the loop once for each folder that

is matched, allowing you to perform one operation per folder on an enter directory tree.

• RECURSE_DIR - specifies whether the loop operation will search subdirectories of the specified

directory as well as the current one. Use RECURSE_DIR=YES to enable. The default value is to

NOT search subdirectories.

EDIT_MAP_CATALOG

The EDIT_MAP_CATALOG command allows you to work with map catalogs (managed collections of map files), including create new map catalogs, adding maps to existing map catalogs, and removing maps from existing map catatalogs.

The following parameters are supported by the command:

• FILENAME - filename of the map catalog to create/update.

• CREATE_IF_EMPTY - specifies whether or not the map catalog (.gmc) file should be created if it

doesn't already exist. The default is YES. If you specify the FILENAME of a map catalog file that

doesn't exist and have CREATE_IS_EMPTY=NO provided, nothing will be done and an error will be logged.

• ZOOM_DISPLAY - specifies when the maps in the map catlaog should be displayed and when it

should be hidden based on the display zoom scale. This command will be formatted as a name from

the list, below followed by 2 numeric paramters. For example, use ZOOM_DISPLAY="SCALE,25000,0" to have a map display only when zoomed in below 1:25000 scale.

♦ ALWAYS - always display the map. The numeric parameters are ignored.

♦ PERCENT - display the map when the map bounding box is a certain percentage of the

screen size. For example, use ZOOM_DISPLAY="PERCENT,0.10,0" to display the map

when its bounding box is at least 10% of the screen size.

♦ PIXEL_SIZE - display the map when each display pixel is less than some number of meters

in size. For example, use PIXEL_SIZE="SCALE,10,0" to display the map when the current

display resolution is 10 meters per pixel (or less/higher resolution).

♦ SCALE - display the map when the current display is at or below a certain scale. For

example, use ZOOM_DISPLAY="SCALE,25000,0" to display the map when the current

draw scale is at or below 1:25000.

♦ SCALE_RANGE - display the map when the current display is below a range of scale value.

For example, use ZOOM_DISPLAY="SCALE_RANGE,25000,100000" to display the map

when the current draw scale is between 1:25000 and 1:100000.

• ADD_FILE - specifies the full path to a file to add to the map catalog. You can include wildcard

characters, like * and ?, in the filename. You can also include multiple ADD_FILE parameters to add

multiple files in one command. For example, to add all of the ECW files in a folder to the catalog, use

ADD_FILE="C:\path_to_files\*.ecw".

• REMOVE_MAP - specifies the full path of a file to remove from the map catalog. You can include

wildcard characters, like * and ?, in the filename. You can also include multiple ADD_FILE

parameters to remove multiple files in one command. For example, to remove all of the ECW files in the map catalog, use REMOVE_MAP="*.ECW". To clear out a map catalog, use REMOVE_MAP="*". To remove a file by filename without specifying a folder, use a * for the path.

For example to remove "c:\temp\my_map.tif", you could use REMOVE_MAP="*\my_map.tif" or

REMOVE_MAP="c:\temp\my_map.tif".

Here is a sample showing how to create a map catalog and then load it:

// Create the map catalog. Maps should show when they take up at least 10% of display. EDIT_MAP_CATALOG FILENAME="C:\TEMP\EXPORT TEST\script_catalog.gmc" CREATE_IF_EMPTY=YES \

ADD_FILE="c:\temp\export test\*.tif" ADD_FILE="c:\temp\export test\*.dem" \ ZOOM_DISPLAY="PERCENT,0.10,0"

// Load the map catalog

IMPORT FILENAME="c:\temp\export test\script_catalog.gmc"

EDIT_VECTOR

The EDIT_VECTOR command allows you to assign feature types (classifications), add/update attributes and display labels, or delete features based on one or more attribute or label values. You can choose to update area, line, and/ or point features with a single operation. You can also supply multiple COMPARE_STR parameters to apply multiple criteria, all of which must be true, in order to edit a feature.

The following parameters are supported by the command:

• FILENAME - filename of the layer to update. If an empty value is passed in, all loaded vector layers

will be updated. You can also pass in the value 'USER CREATED FEATURES' when running a

script in the context of the main map view or loading a workspace to have the 'User Created Features' layer updated.

• SHAPE_TYPE - specifies the vector object type(s) (area, line, and/or point) to edit. If you don't

provide a value then all available matching features will be edited. You can specify multiple different

object types as a comma-delimited list of the following (like SHAPE_TYPE="AREAS,LINES"):

♦ AREAS - area features

♦ LINES - line features

♦ POINTS - point features

• AREA_TYPE - specifies the name of the Global Mapper area type to assign to matching area

features.

• LINE_TYPE - specifies the name of the Global Mapper line type to assign to matching line features.

• POINT_TYPE - specifies the name of the Global Mapper point type to assign to matching point

features.

• ATTR_VAL - specifies the attribute value to update and what value to assign to it. The format is

attr_name=attr_value. For example if you want to set the value of an attribute named CFCC to A34,

use ATTR_VAL="CFCC=A34". You can add multiple ATTR_VAL parameters to a single command to provide multiple attribute/value pairs (or labels) to add/update. If you would like to update the feature label rather than an attribute, use <Feature Name> for your attribute name.

• COMPARE_STR - specifies a comparison operation to perform to see if a feature is one that needs to

be updated. The format is attr_name=attr_value or attr_name!=attr_value (for equals and not equals

comparisons respectively). For example if you have an attribute named CFCC and you want to match when the value of that attribute starts with an 'A', you can use COMPARE_STR="CFCC=A*" as your parameter. You can add multiple COMPARE_STR parameters to a single command to combine multiple criteria for your search. See special Attribute Name parameter details for other special allowed attribute names.

• COMPARE_NUM - specifies that any comparisons that are done against numeric values should be

numeric rather than alphabetic. Use COMPARE_NUM=YES to enable.

• ATTR_TO_DELETE - specifies the name of an attribute to delete from matching features. You can

include multiple instances of this attribute to delete multiple values. To remove the feature label rather

than an attribute, use <Feature Name> for the attribute name.

• ATTR_TO_RENAME - specifies the name of an attribute to rename from matching features and what

to rename it to. You can include multiple instances of this attribute to rename multiple attributes. For

example, to rename the attribute, CTY to be COUNTY, add the parameter

ATTR_TO_RENAME="CTY=COUNTY" to your command.

• ATTR_TO_COPY - specifies the name of an attribute to copy the value of an existing attribute or

label to. You can include multiple instances of this parameter to copy multiple attributes. For

example, to create a new attribute named DISP_LABEL from the feature label, use ATTR_TO_COPY="DISP_LABEL=<Feature Name>" or to create a new attribute named DEPTH from the value of an attribute named Z, use ATTR_TO_COPY="DEPTH=Z".

• CASE_SENSITIVE - specifies whether or not text comparisons are case sensitive or not. Use

CASE_SENSITIVE=YES to enable, by default comparisons are not case sensitive.

• DELETE_FEATURES - specifies whether or not to mark all matching features as deleted. Use

DELETE_FEATURES=YES to enable.

• DELETE_DUPLICATES - specifies whether or not to mark matching features that are duplicates (i.e.

same coordinates, label, attributes, type, and style) as deleted. Use DELETE_DUPLICATES=YES to

enable. Note that this only removes duplicate features that are within the same layer. Duplicates in different layers will not be deleted.

• MARK_DUPLICATES - specifies whether or not to add a DUPLICATE=Y attribute to matching

features that are duplicates (i.e. same coordinates, label, attributes, type, and style). Use

MARK_DUPLICATES=YES to enable. Note that this only marks duplicate features that are within the same layer. Duplicates in different layers will not be marked. All features in the duplicate set will be marked with the DUPLICATE=Y attribute except the first one. All of the duplicates will also get a DUP_ID attribute that uniquely identifies the group of duplicates.

• IGNORE_ATTRS - specifies when deleting or marking duplicates that only the geometry of the

features should be considered and not any attribute values. Add IGNORE_ATTRS=YES to make the

attributes be ignored. You can require some particular attributes to be equal using the

DUPLICATE_ATTR parameter.

• DUPLICATE_ATTR - specifies the name of an attribute to that must have the same value in both

features being compared when looking for duplicates. You can include multiple instances of this

attribute to require multiple attributes to be equal. Special attribute names, like <Feature Name>, are recognized for the attribute name. For example to require the name and an attribute named ROAD_ID to be equal, add DUPLICATE_ATTR="ROAD_ID" and DUPLICATE_ATTR="<Feature Name>" to your command. This would only be used in conjunction with IGNORE_ATTRS=YES otherwise all attributes are required to be equal.

• COORD_OFFSET - specifies the offset to apply to any coordinates for the features that match the

specified criteria. The offset should be in the units of the layer the features are being matched from.

The offset should be specified as a comma-delimited list of the X and Y offsets, such as

COORD_OFFSET="100000.0,200000.0".

• COORD_SCALE - specifies the scale factors to apply to any coordinates for the features that match

the specified criteria. Each coordinate will be multiplied by these scale factor. The scale factors

should be specified either as a single value (the most common scenario) or as separate scale factors for the X and Y values, like COORD_SCALE=1.00005 for a single value, or COORD_SCALE=1.0045,1.0052 for separate X and Y coordinate scales.

• ROTATE_ANGLE - specifies the angle in degrees by which to rotate matching features by clockwise

around some point. The ROTATE_ABOUT parameter specifies what point the feature coordinates are

rotated about.

• ROTATE_ABOUT - if a non-zero ROTATE_ANGLE value is specified, specifies the point that the

features should be rotated about, with the default being about the center of all matching features. The

following values are supported:

♦ COMBINED_CENTER - rotates about the combined center of all matching features. This is

the default value.

♦ INDIVIDUAL_CENTER - rotates each feature about the center of the feature independently.

♦ Manually specified location - you can manually specify the X and Y coordinates to rotate

about (in the projection of the layer being rotated), like

ROTATE_ABOUT="45000.0,1356000.0"

• CONNECT_ISLANDS - specifies that any matching area features with islands should have the

islands connected to the outer area boundary to form a single vertex list. This is useful if you need to

export the data for use in software that doesn't support area features with holes/islands in them. Use

CONNECT_ISLANDS=YES to enable.

• SIMPLIFICATION - specifies a simplification threshold to use to simplify/reduce the matching area

and line features. This specifies how far off a straight line (in the units of the current projection) that a

point has to be before it is kept.

• CONVERT_AREAS_TO_LINES - specifies that any matching area features will have new line

features created from them. Use CONVERT_AREAS_TO_LINES=YES to enable this functionality.

• INSERT_VERTICES_AT_INTERSECTIONS - specifies that new vertices will be inserted at the

intersection of any matching line features. Use INSERT_VERTICES_AT_INTERSECTIONS=YES

to enable this functionality.

• SPLIT_AT_INTERSECTIONS - specifies that any matching line features that share an interior vertex

will be split at that vertex into new lines. Use SPLIT_AT_INTERSECTIONS=YES to enable this

functionality. Use this in conjunction with the INSERT_VERTICES_AT_INTERSECTIONS option to insert vertices at intersections and then split the lines there.

• PTS_AT_INTERSECTIONS - specifies that new point features will be created wherever two or more

matching line features touch. Use PTS_AT_INTERSECTIONS=YES to enable.

• UNIQUE_ID_BASE - specifies a number to start assigning unique IDs to features that match the

query. For example, using UNIQUE_ID_BASE=1 would assign ID attributes to each matching

feature starting at 1 and increasing sequentially (i.e. 1, 2, 3, etc.).

For an example of how to use the EDIT_VECTOR command, see the sample at the bottom of this document.

EMBED_SCRIPT

The EMBED_SCRIPT command allows you to call another script from within a script. This can be useful in many situations. For example, if you have a common set of data files that you want to load for each script operation, you could simply create a script that loaded those files, then embed that script within your other scripts.

The following parameters are supported by the command:

• FILENAME - full path to script file to run

• SKIP_UNLOAD_ALL - specifies whether or not the first UNLOAD_ALL command in the script file

being run should be skipped. This is useful for embedding workspace files which typically unload

everything to start with. Use SKIP_UNLOAD_ALL=YES to skip the first UNLOAD_ALL

command.

EXPORT_ELEVATION

The EXPORT_ELEVATION command exports all currently loaded elevation data to a file. The following parameters are supported by the command.

• FILENAME - full path to file to save the data to

• TYPE - type of elevation file we're exporting to

♦ ARCASCIIGRID - export an Arc ASCII Grid format file.

♦ BIL - export to a BIL format file (simple binary format with header).

♦ BT - export to a BT (Binary Terrain) format grid file.

♦ DTED - export to DTED format grid files.

♦ DXF_3DFACE - export a DXF 3D face format file.

♦ DXF_MESH - export a 3D DXF mesh format file.

♦ DXF_POINT - export a 3D DXF point format file.

♦ ERDAS - export to an Erdas Imagine IMG format file.

♦ FBX - export to Open Flight FBX format file.

♦ FLOATGRID - export a Float/Grid format file.

♦ GEOSOFT_GRID - export to a Geosoft grid format file.

♦ GEOTIFF - export to a GeoTIFF format file.

♦ GLOBAL_MAPPER_GRID - export to a Global Mapper Grid format file.

♦ GRAVSOFT_GRID - export to a Gravsoft Grid format file.

♦ HF2 - export to a HF2/HFZ format file.

♦ IDRISI_RASTER - export to an Idrisi elevation format file.

♦ LEVELLER_HF - export to a Leveller heightfield file.

♦ LIDAR_LAS - export to a Lidar LAS file.

♦ MAPMAKERTERRAIN - export to a MapMaker Terrain format file.

♦ NITF - NITF format terrain file

♦ ROCKWORKS_GRID - export to a RockWorks Grid format file.

♦ STL - export to a STL format file

♦ SURFERGRID - export to a Surfer Grid format file. The FORMAT parameter specifies

whether it is an ASCII or binary format Surfer Grid file.

♦ TERRAGEN - export to a Terragen terrain file.

♦ USGS_DEM - export to a native format USGS DEM file.

♦ VRML - export to a VRML file.

♦ VULCAN_3D - export to a Vulcan3D triangulation file.

♦ XYZ_GRID - export to a XYZ Grid file.

• ELEV_UNITS - specify elevation units to use in export

♦ FEET - export in US feet

♦ DECIFEET - export in 10ths of US feet

♦ METERS - export in meters

♦ DECIMETERS - export in 10ths of meters

♦ CENTIMETERS - export in centimeters

• SPATIAL_RES - specifies spatial resolution. Defaults to the minimum spatial resolution of the two

layers if not specified. Should be formatted as x_resolution,y_resolution. The units are the units of the

• SPATIAL_RES_METERS - specifies spatial resolution to use in meters. The value in meters will

automatically be converted to the curent view/export projection units. For example, to do an export at

2.0 meter spacing (or as close as you can get to that in the current units), use

SPATIAL_RES_METERS=2.0, or to do an export at 1.0 meters in X by 1.5 meters in Y, use

SPATIAL_RES_METERS="1.0,1.5".

• FORCE_SQUARE_PIXELS - if this value is set to YES, the spatial resolution of the resultant

elevation file will be set so that the x and y pixel size are the same, with the minimum default size

being used for both.

• GLOBAL_BOUNDS - specifies the export bounds in units of the current global projection. There

should be 4 values in a comma-delimited list following the parameter name. The values should be in

order of minimum x, minimum y, maximum x, maximum y.

• GLOBAL_BOUNDS_SIZE - specifies the export bounds in units of the current global projection.

There should be 4 values in a comma-delimited list following the parameter name. The values should

be in order of minimum x, minimum y, width in x, width in y.

• LAT_LON_BOUNDS - specifies the export bounds in latitude/longitude degrees. There should be 4

values in a comma-delimited list following the parameter name. The values should be in order of

westmost longitude, southernmost latitude, easternmost longitude, northernmost latitude.

• LAYER_BOUNDS - specifies that the export should use the bounds of the loaded layer(s) with the

given filename. For example, to export to the bounds of the file "c:\test.tif", you would use

LAYER_BOUNDS="c:\test.tif". Keep in mind that the file must be currently loaded.

• LAYER_BOUNDS_EXPAND - specifies that the operation should expand the used

LAYER_BOUNDS bounding box by some amount. The amount to expand the bounding rectangle by

should be specified in the current global projection. For example, if you have a UTM/meters projection active and want to expand the bounds retrieved from the LAYER_BOUNDS parameter by

• SAMPLING_METHOD (elevation and raster only) - specifies the sampling method to use when

resampling this layer. The following values are supported:

♦ DEFAULT - Use either automatic resampling based on export or layer resampling, depending

on setting of global flag about whether to resample on export

♦ AUTO - Automatically select a resampling method based on how the export resolution and

bounds compare to the original layout for a layer. For example if you export to a lower

resolution a box averager of appropriate size may be used automatically

♦ LAYER - Use the sampling method set for each layer

♦ The list of SAMPLING_METHOD values for the IMPORT command (Click here for list)

can also be specified to use a particular sampling method for all layers being exported/

• FORMAT (SURFERGRID only) - determines if Surfer Grid export format is ASCII, BINARY_V6, or

BINARY_V7. The default is ASCII if no format is specified.

• GEN_WORLD_FILE (GEOTIFF only) - specifies that a TIFF world file (TFW) should be generated

in addition to the TIFF file. Use GEN_WORLD_FILE=YES to turn on.

• GEN_TAB_FILE (GEOTIFF only) - specifies that a MapInfo TAB file should be generated in

addition to the GeoTIFF file. Use GEN_TAB_FILE=YES to turn on.

• GRID_TYPE_CELL_SIZE - specifies that the export should be gridded into multiple tiles with each

tile having the given size in the export projection. The value should be specified as cell width,cell

height. For example, if you are exporting in a metric projection and want to tile the export into cells that are 10,000 meters wide by 5,000 meters tall, you would use GRID_TYPE_CELL_SIZE="10000.0,5000.0".

• GRID_TYPE_PIXEL_SIZE - specifies that the export should be gridded into multiple tiles with each

tile having the given size in pixels/samples. The value should be specified as cell pixel width,cell pixel

height. For example, if you want to tile the export into cells that are 800 pixels wide by 600 pixels tall, you would use GRID_TYPE_PIXEL_SIZE="800,600".

• GRID_TYPE_PIXEL_SIZE_MAX - specifies that the export should be gridded into multiple tiles

with each tile having the given maximum size in pixels/samples. This works by calculating the

number of rows and columns needed to hold cells of the given pixel dimensions, then shrinking those pixel dimensions down so that the tiles exactly cover the exported bounds. The value should be specified as cell pixel width,cell pixel height. For example, if you want to tile the export into cells that are at most 800 pixels wide by 600 pixels tall, you would use GRID_TYPE_PIXEL_SIZE_MAX="800,600".

• GRID_TYPE_ROWS_COLS - specifies that the export should be gridded into multiple tiles with a

given number of rows and columns of tiles. The value should be specified as number of rows,number

of columns. For example, if you want to tile the export into a grid of 8 rows each 4 tiles across, you would use GRID_TYPE_ROWS_COLS="8,4".

• GRID_OVERLAP - specifies how much to overlap tiles when gridding an export into multiple tiles.

This is a percentage value from 0 to 100 and only applies when on of the GRID_TYPE_* parameters

is used. For example, to make your grid tiles overlap by 5% of the grid tile size, use

GRID_OVERLAP="5.0". The default value is 0.0, meaning that the tiles do not overlap.

• GRID_KEEP_CELL_SIZE - specifies that the size of the grid cells should be maintained over sample

spacing. This means that if you specify a grid of 4 rows and 5 columns, each grid cell will be exactly

25% of the total export height and 20% of the total export width. The sample spacing may be slightly smaller than what is specified in order to achieve this. By default, the sample spacing is exactly maintained and each grid cell may be slightly larger than specified to maintain an integer number of exported cells. Use GRID_KEEP_CELL_SIZE=YES to enable.

• GRID_NAMING - specifies how to name tiles when gridding an export into multiple tiles. The value

should be SEQUENTIAL for sequential numeric naming starting at 1, SEPARATE for separate prefix

appending by row and column, or SEPARATE_COLS_FIRST for separate prefix appending by columns and rows. For the SEPARATE options, use the GRID_NAMING_COLS and GRID_NAMING_ROWS parameters to specify the details of how to name the rows and columns. If no GRID_NAMING parameter is supplied, the last selected grid naming options selected in the user interface will be used.

• GRID_NAMING_COLS - specifies how to name the column portion of grid cell names when using

the GRID_NAMING=SEPARATE or GRID_NAMING=SEPARATE_COLS_FIRST parameter. The

value of this field is a comma-delimited list with the following field values:

♦ Naming type. Can have the following values:

◊ NUM - name using numbers in ascending order

◊ NUM_REVERSE - name using numbers in descending order

◊ ALPHA - name using letters in ascending order

◊ ALPHA_REVERSE - name using letters in descending order

♦ Starting value for numbering or lettering (i.e. '1', or 'A').

♦ Prefix string to use before the numeric or alphabetic value.

♦ Step value for numeric naming (default is '1')

You can leave values blank if they don't apply or you want to use the default. As an example, to do

numeric naming starting at the number 100, increasing by 10 each time with a prefix of DEM, you would use GRID_NAMING_COLS="NUM,100,DEM,10".

• GRID_NAMING_ROWS - specifies how to name the row portion of grid cell names when using the

GRID_NAMING=SEPARATE parameter. See the documentation for the GRID_NAMING_COLS

parameter above for details on the format.

• GRID_NAMING_PREPEND_ZEROES - specifies whether or not to prepend zeroes to the start of

grid column/row names. Use GRID_NAMING_PREPEND_ZEROES=NO to disable the prepending

of zeroes.

• GRID_NAMING_SEPARATOR - specifies the separator string to use between pieces of a grid name.

The default is an underscore.

• GRID_CREATE_FOLDERS - specifies that a separate folder should be generated for each row (or

column if GRID_NAMING=SEPARATE_COLS_FIRST is specified) of the export rather than

placing every output file in the same folder.

• QUAD_NAME (USGS_DEM only) - specifies the quad name to place in the header of the USGS

DEM file.

• FILL_GAPS - specifies that small gaps in between and within the data sets being exported will be

filled in by interpolating the surrounding data to come up with an elevation for the point in question.

This option is on by default, specify FILL_GAPS=NO to turn off.

• VERT_EXAG (VRML only) - specifies the vertical exaggeration to use when creating the VRML file.

Larger values result in a rougher terrain being generated while smaller values result in a smoother

terrain. A value of 1.0 results in no vertical exaggeration at all (i.e. a nearly true to life representation). If you don't specify a value the currently selected vertical exaggeration value on the Vertical Options tab of the Configuation dialog will be used.

• COORD_DELIM (XYZ_GRID only) - specifies the delimeter between coordinates

♦ COMMA - coordinates are separated by commas

♦ FIXED_WIDTH - coordinates are stored in fixed width columns

♦ SEMICOLON - coordinates are separated by semicolons

♦ SPACE - coordinates are separated by space characters

♦ TAB - coordinates are separated by tab characters

• BYTES_PER_SAMPLE (BIL, ERDAS, and GEOTIFF only) - specifies how many bytes to use per

elevation sample in the BIL, IMG, or vertical GeoTIFF file. Valid values are 2 bytes (16-bits) and 4

bytes (32-bits). If this value isn't specified, 2 bytes are used.

• USE_BIG_ENDIAN (BIL only) - specifies that elevation values written to BIL files should use big

endian (Motorola byte order) rather than the default little endian (Intel byte order).

• USE_ESRI_HDR (BIL only) - specifies that the ESRI .hdr format should be used for the export. Use

USE_ESRI_HDR=YES to enable.

• POLYGON_CROP_FILE - specifies the full path and filename of a vector file containing a polygon

feature to which the export should be cropped. If multiple polygons are found in the specified file the

polygon which has the largest intersection with the data to be exported will be used as the crop polygon (see POLYGON_CROP_USE_ALL for exception).

• POLYGON_CROP_NAME - specifies the name of a polygon shape previously defined using the

DEFINE_SHAPE command to which the export should be cropped. The coordinates in the shape

need to have been provided in whatever projection the export is being done in.

• POLYGON_CROP_USE_ALL - specifies that if a POLYGON_CROP_FILE is specified that

contains multiple polygons, the export will be cropped to all polygons in that file rather than just the

best-fit polygon.